Weather observations for the past three days for
Glasgow, Glasgow Municipal Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
21 18:55 W 7 16.09 Overcast OVC045 21.1 12.9 23.8 20.1 60% 76.28 0.0
21 18:35 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC045 21.7 14.3 63% 76.25 0.0
21 18:15 W 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN047 BKN055 22.1 14.4 62% 76.23 0.0
21 17:55 W 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT043 22.6 14.7 61% 76.23 0.0
21 17:35 W 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT043 BKN050 22.9 14.6 60% 76.23 0.0
21 17:15 W 19 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT043 SCT050 23.5 14.5 57% 76.23 0.0
21 16:55 SW 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT038 SCT046 SCT065 23.5 15.9 62% 76.23 0.0
21 16:35 W 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT038 BKN046 BKN065 23.1 16 64% 76.23 0.0
21 16:15 SW 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN038 BKN060 BKN075 23 16 65% 76.25 0.0
21 15:55 SW 15 G 30 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN036 BKN042 BKN048 23 16.1 65% 76.23 0.0
21 15:35 SW 22 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT027 SCT035 SCT042 23.7 17.4 68% 76.23 0.0
21 15:15 SW 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT027 SCT036 SCT048 23.3 17.8 71% 76.23 0.0
21 14:55 SW 22 G 30 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT022 BKN029 BKN048 22.7 18.2 76% 76.25 0.0
21 14:35 SW 17 16.09 Overcast OVC024 21.9 17.9 78% 76.28 0.0
21 14:15 SW 15 16.09 Overcast SCT021 OVC027 21.5 17.6 79% 76.25 0.0
21 13:55 SW 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT018 SCT024 BKN029 21.8 18.1 80% 76.25 0.0
21 13:35 SW 15 G 26 16.09 Overcast BKN018 OVC023 20.4 17.5 84% 76.28 0.0
21 13:15 SW 24 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC016 20.9 17.6 82% 76.28 0.0
21 12:55 SW 22 16.09 Overcast BKN013 OVC019 20.2 18 20.2 17.3 87% 76.28 0.0 0.58
21 12:35 SW 15 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC011 19.4 17.9 91% 76.3 0.0
21 12:15 SW 19 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC011 19 17.7 92% 76.3 0.0
21 11:55 SW 20 16.09 Overcast OVC011 18.9 17.5 92% 76.3 0.0
21 11:35 SW 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC011 19 17.5 91% 76.3 0.0
21 11:15 SW 17 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC011 18.9 17.5 92% 76.3 0.0
21 10:55 SW 15 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC011 18.7 17.6 93% 76.33 0.0
21 10:35 S 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC011 18.6 17.7 95% 76.33 0.0
21 10:15 S 17 16.09 Light Rain OVC011 18.1 17.9 99% 76.3 0.0
21 09:55 SW 19 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC013 18.3 17.8 97% 76.3 0.0 0.58
21 09:35 S 15 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC013 18 17.5 97% 76.28 0.0
21 09:15 S 19 G 28 16.09 Light Rain BKN013 BKN025 OVC036 18 17.6 98% 76.28 0.0
21 08:55 S 17 G 26 16.09 Overcast SCT013 BKN050 OVC075 17.8 17.5 98% 76.25 0.0 0.05
21 08:35 S 17 G 30 16.09 Rain BKN013 BKN050 OVC090 17.5 17.3 99% 76.23 0.0 0.05
21 08:15 S 13 16.09 Light Rain SCT031 BKN065 OVC090 17.3 17.2 99% 76.25 0.0 0.05
21 07:55 SW 15 8.05 Rain SCT033 BKN065 OVC080 17.5 17 97% 76.25 0.0 0.53
21 07:35 S 20 G 31 6.44 Heavy Rain SCT022 BKN042 OVC075 17.6 17 96% 76.23 0.0 0.41
21 07:15 S 17 6.44 Heavy Rain SCT022 BKN039 OVC060 17.7 17.1 96% 76.25 0.0 0.28
21 06:55 S 15 G 26 11.27 Rain SCT041 BKN070 OVC110 18 16.7 22 18 92% 76.23 0.0 0.13 0.2
21 06:35 SW 19 16.09 Rain SCT060 BKN090 OVC110 18.5 16.5 88% 76.23 0.0 0.05
21 06:15 S 17 G 31 16.09 Light Rain SCT045 BKN070 OVC110 18.5 16.4 88% 76.17 0.0
21 05:55 S 17 G 28 16.09 Overcast BKN044 BKN050 OVC110 18.5 16.6 89% 76.17 0.0 0.05
21 05:35 S 15 16.09 Light Rain SCT041 SCT046 OVC050 18.3 16.6 90% 76.15 0.0 0.05
21 05:15 S 19 G 26 11.27 Thunderstorm Rain in Vicinity SCT035 BKN049 OVC060 18.7 16.5 87% 76.17 0.0 0.05
21 04:55 SW 30 G 43 11.27 Heavy Rain SCT040 SCT048 OVC060 20.1 15.5 75% 76.2 0.0 0.03
21 04:35 S 20 G 31 16.09 Overcast BKN070 OVC090 21.7 14.5 64% 76.15 0.0
21 04:15 S 20 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC070 21.8 14.5 63% 76.17 0.0
21 03:55 S 17 G 37 16.09 Overcast SCT070 OVC080 21.8 14.4 63% 76.17 0.0
21 03:35 S 20 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN080 21.7 14.4 63% 76.17 0.0
21 03:15 S 24 G 37 16.09 Overcast SCT070 OVC080 21.9 14.5 63% 76.17 0.0
21 02:55 S 17 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC080 21.8 14.5 63% 76.2 0.0
21 02:35 S 20 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN080 BKN090 21.6 14.4 64% 76.23 0.0
21 02:15 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 21.3 14.3 64% 76.23 0.0
21 01:55 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 21.3 14.2 64% 76.23 0.0
21 01:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 21.1 14.2 65% 76.23 0.0
21 01:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 21.2 14.1 64% 76.25 0.0
21 00:55 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 20.8 14 25.8 20.8 65% 76.25 0.0
21 00:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 21 14 64% 76.28 0.0
21 00:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 21 14 64% 76.28 0.0
20 23:55 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 21 14.3 66% 76.3 0.0
20 23:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 21.2 14.5 66% 76.3 0.0
20 23:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 21.7 14.6 64% 76.28 0.0
20 22:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 21.7 14.9 65% 76.28 0.0
20 22:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 22.1 15.1 65% 76.28 0.0
20 22:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 22.6 15.5 64% 76.25 0.0
20 21:55 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 23 15.5 63% 76.23 0.0
20 21:35 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 15.5 62% 76.2 0.0
20 21:15 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.1 15.5 62% 76.23 0.0
20 20:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 15.5 60% 76.25 0.0
20 20:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24 15.5 59% 25 76.28 0.0
20 20:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 15.5 61% 76.28 0.0
20 19:55 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 15.6 58% 26 76.3 0.0
20 19:35 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 15.6 56% 26 76.3 0.0
20 19:15 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 15.7 55% 26 76.3 0.0
20 18:55 SW 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT065 SCT075 25.9 15.8 28.6 25.9 54% 27 76.3 0.0
20 18:35 S 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT065 SCT075 SCT100 26.5 15.5 51% 27 76.3 0.0
20 18:15 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 15.8 50% 28 76.3 0.0
20 17:55 S 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 SCT090 27.6 15.9 49% 28 76.3 0.0
20 17:35 S 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT002 SCT060 BKN080 28.1 16 48% 28 76.3 0.0
20 17:15 SW 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT060 BKN070 28.4 16.1 47% 29 76.33 0.0
20 16:55 S 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN065 28 16.4 49% 28 76.33 0.0
20 16:35 S 15 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 SCT075 28.4 16.2 48% 29 76.35 0.0
20 16:15 S 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 27.6 15.7 48% 28 76.35 0.0
20 15:55 S 20 G 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT065 28.6 16.4 48% 29 76.38 0.0
20 15:35 S 19 G 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 SCT065 27.7 16.4 50% 28 76.4 0.0
20 15:15 S 13 G 35 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 28 16.4 49% 28 76.43 0.0
20 14:55 S 11 G 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 28 16.4 49% 28 76.48 0.0
20 14:35 S 19 G 28 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 27.9 16.3 49% 28 76.5 0.0
20 14:15 SW 22 G 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT049 27.9 16.8 51% 28 76.53 0.0
20 13:55 SW 22 G 28 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT049 SCT065 28.3 16.7 49% 29 76.56 0.0
20 13:35 SW 15 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT047 SCT050 SCT065 27.7 16.8 52% 28 76.58 0.0
20 13:15 SW 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT045 BKN050 BKN075 26.7 17.2 56% 27 76.61 0.0
20 12:55 SW 15 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT045 SCT065 27.1 17.3 27.2 15.8 55% 28 76.63 0.0
20 12:35 S 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT041 SCT050 SCT065 27.2 17.9 57% 28 76.66 0.0
20 12:15 S 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT041 SCT050 BKN065 26.2 17.4 58% 27 76.68 0.0
20 11:55 SW 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT039 25.7 17.3 60% 27 76.71 0.0
20 11:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 17.1 59% 27 76.73 0.0
20 11:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 25.4 16.8 59% 26 76.76 0.0
20 10:55 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 25 16.9 61% 26 76.78 0.0
20 10:35 S 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT041 SCT070 24.2 16.9 64% 25 76.81 0.0
20 10:15 S 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN039 BKN060 BKN070 24 16.8 64% 25 76.81 0.0
20 09:55 S 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT041 SCT050 BKN060 22.6 15.7 65% 76.84 0.0
20 09:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.1 15.6 67% 76.84 0.0
20 09:15 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20.7 15.3 71% 76.84 0.0
20 08:55 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT033 20 14.8 72% 76.84 0.0
20 08:35 E 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 19.4 14.6 74% 76.84 0.0
20 08:15 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 18.5 14.6 78% 76.84 0.0
20 07:55 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 14.6 83% 76.81 0.0
20 07:35 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 17 14.8 87% 76.81 0.0
20 07:15 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 14.8 91% 76.78 0.0
20 06:55 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 15.8 14.7 16.1 13.5 93% 76.78 0.0
20 06:35 NE 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN050 15.8 14.5 92% 76.76 0.0
20 06:15 NE 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN055 15.6 14.5 93% 76.76 0.0
20 05:55 NE 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN055 15.6 14.5 93% 76.73 0.0
20 05:35 NE 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN060 15.7 14.4 92% 76.73 0.0
20 05:15 NE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC060 16 14.2 89% 76.73 0.0
20 04:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC060 16 14.2 89% 76.73 0.0
20 04:35 N 9 16.09 Overcast OVC060 15.7 14.3 91% 76.68 0.0
20 04:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN060 14.6 14.1 97% 76.68 0.0
20 03:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 13.6 13.5 99% 76.66 0.0
20 03:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 14.5 14.5 100% 76.68 0.0
20 03:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 14.4 14.3 99% 76.66 0.0
20 02:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.5 14.5 100% 76.66 0.0
20 02:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14 14 100% 76.66 0.0
20 02:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.6 14.4 99% 76.66 0.0
20 01:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15 14.8 99% 76.66 0.0
20 01:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.8 14.7 99% 76.66 0.0
20 01:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15 14.9 99% 76.68 0.0
20 00:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.1 14.9 23.7 14.9 99% 76.71 0.0
20 00:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.5 14.5 94% 76.68 0.0
20 00:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.7 15.1 96% 76.68 0.0
19 23:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.1 15.1 94% 76.68 0.0
19 23:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.8 15.2 96% 76.68 0.0
19 23:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.5 15.2 92% 76.68 0.0
19 22:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 15.2 86% 76.71 0.0
19 22:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 17.2 15.5 90% 76.68 0.0
19 22:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 17.7 15.3 86% 76.71 0.0
19 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18.2 15.3 83% 76.71 0.0
19 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18.3 15.4 83% 76.73 0.0
19 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18.9 15.1 79% 76.73 0.0
19 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 19.2 15.4 79% 76.73 0.0
19 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 19 15.5 80% 76.76 0.0
19 20:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 19.6 15.5 77% 76.73 0.0
19 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 20.8 15.3 71% 76.73 0.0
19 19:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22 15 65% 76.73 0.0
19 19:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.5 15.1 63% 76.71 0.0
19 18:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.6 14.8 26.4 23.2 58% 76.71 0.0
19 18:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 15.2 61% 76.71 0.0
19 18:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 14.9 57% 25 76.71 0.0
19 17:55 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 14.7 54% 26 76.71 0.0
19 17:35 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 24.8 14.8 54% 26 76.68 0.0
19 17:15 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 25 14.7 53% 26 76.68 0.0
19 16:55 SW 19 16.09 Fair CLR 25.8 14.4 49% 26 76.68 0.0
19 16:35 W 17 16.09 Fair CLR 26 14.7 50% 27 76.68 0.0
19 16:15 SW 13 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 26.1 14.9 50% 27 76.66 0.0
19 15:55 SW 11 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 14.9 51% 26 76.66 0.0
19 15:35 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 14.4 50% 26 76.66 0.0
19 15:15 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 25.2 14.5 52% 26 76.68 0.0
19 14:55 SW 19 16.09 Fair CLR 24.9 14.6 53% 26 76.68 0.0
19 14:35 SW 17 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 24.9 15.9 57% 26 76.63 0.0
19 14:15 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 15.7 57% 26 76.63 0.0
19 13:55 SW 22 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 25.2 16.2 58% 26 76.63 0.0
19 13:35 SW 17 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 25.2 16.6 59% 26 76.63 0.0
19 13:15 SW 20 G 35 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT033 25.1 16.7 60% 26 76.61 0.0
19 12:55 SW 24 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 25.2 17 25.2 19.7 61% 26 76.63 0.0
19 12:35 SW 20 G 31 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 24.3 16.6 62% 25 76.66 0.0
19 12:15 SW 22 16.09 Overcast OVC033 23.6 16.3 64% 76.66 0.0
19 11:55 SW 26 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC033 23.8 16.5 64% 76.66 0.0
19 11:35 SW 17 G 26 16.09 Overcast BKN033 OVC040 23.5 16.4 65% 76.66 0.0
19 11:15 SW 17 16.09 Overcast SCT028 OVC038 23.2 16.6 67% 76.63 0.0
19 10:55 SW 20 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC028 21.9 16.2 70% 76.66 0.0
19 10:35 SW 19 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC028 22 16.1 69% 76.66 0.0
19 10:15 SW 26 G 43 16.09 Overcast OVC028 21.7 15.8 69% 76.63 0.0
19 09:55 SW 30 16.09 Overcast OVC030 21.8 15.5 68% 76.63 0.0
19 09:35 SW 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN032 21.9 15.1 65% 76.61 0.0
19 09:15 SW 17 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT032 21.9 15.1 65% 76.58 0.0
19 08:55 SW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 21.5 15 67% 76.58 0.0
19 08:35 SW 20 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 21.5 14.8 66% 76.53 0.0
19 08:15 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 20.8 14.6 68% 76.53 0.0
19 07:55 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 20.5 14.1 67% 76.53 0.0
19 07:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 14 68% 76.53 0.0
19 07:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20 13.6 67% 76.5 0.0
19 06:55 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 19.7 13.3 20.7 19.5 67% 76.48 0.0
19 06:35 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 19.6 13 66% 76.45 0.0
19 06:15 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 19.7 12.5 63% 76.43 0.0
19 05:55 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 19.7 12.2 62% 76.4 0.0
19 05:35 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 19.9 12 61% 76.4 0.0
19 05:15 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 11.7 59% 76.4 0.0
19 04:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 11.6 58% 76.38 0.0
19 04:35 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 20.5 11.4 56% 76.38 0.0
19 04:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.6 11.1 55% 76.35 0.0
19 03:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.7 10.7 53% 76.35 0.0
19 03:35 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 20.7 10.5 52% 76.33 0.0
19 03:15 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 20.6 10.3 52% 76.35 0.0
19 02:55 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 10.1 52% 76.35 0.0
19 02:35 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 9.8 52% 76.35 0.0
19 02:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 20.2 9.5 50% 76.33 0.0
19 01:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.2 9.2 49% 76.38 0.0
19 01:35 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 20.2 9 49% 76.38 0.0
19 01:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.2 9 49% 76.4 0.0
19 00:55 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 9 25.6 19.3 49% 76.4 0.0
19 00:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 8.8 48% 76.4 0.0
19 00:15 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 8.8 48% 76.43 0.0
18 23:55 S 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 20 9 49% 76.43 0.0
18 23:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 19.9 9 50% 76.43 0.0
18 23:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 20 9 49% 76.43 0.0
18 22:55 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20.4 9 48% 76.43 0.0
18 22:35 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 21.8 8.9 44% 76.4 0.0
18 22:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 22.3 9 43% 76.4 0.0
18 21:55 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 22.1 9.2 44% 76.43 0.0
18 21:35 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 22.8 9.3 42% 76.4 0.0
18 21:15 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 9.3 41% 76.38 0.0
18 20:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.6 9.5 41% 76.33 0.0
18 20:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24 9.5 40% 25 76.3 0.0
18 20:15 SW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 9.6 39% 25 76.28 0.0
18 19:55 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 25 9.7 38% 26 76.25 0.0
18 19:35 S 19 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 25 10.3 40% 26 76.23 0.0
18 19:15 S 19 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 25.4 11 41% 26 76.2 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)