Weather observations for the past three days for
Lansing Municipal Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cst) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
26 05:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.7 -7.5 87% 75.92 0.0
26 05:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.5 -7.2 88% 75.9 0.0
26 04:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.8 -7.7 87% 75.9 0.0
26 04:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.4 -7.9 83% 75.9 0.0
26 04:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT095 -4.6 -7 84% 75.9 0.0
26 03:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC095 -4.7 -6.6 87% 75.9 0.0
26 03:35 E 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN095 -5.5 -7.4 87% 75.9 0.0
26 03:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT095 -5.1 -6.7 89% 75.92 0.0
26 02:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT095 -5.1 -7.5 83% 75.92 0.0
26 02:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT095 -4.4 -6.6 85% 75.92 0.0
26 02:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT095 -5.6 -7.8 85% 75.92 0.0
26 01:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN095 -4.2 -6.4 85% 75.92 0.0
26 01:35 SE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT095 -4.3 -6.8 83% 75.92 0.0
26 01:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 -3.3 -5.7 84% 75.95 0.0
26 00:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 -3 -5.7 82% 75.97 0.0
26 00:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 -2.6 -5.5 81% 75.95 0.0
26 00:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 -2.2 -5.6 78% 75.92 0.0
25 23:55 SW 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 -2.6 -5.3 0.3 -4.6 82% 75.9 0.0
25 23:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -2.2 -6 75% 75.87 0.0
25 23:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT095 -1.8 -6 73% 75.84 0.0
25 22:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC095 -2 -6 74% 75.84 0.0
25 22:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN095 -1.7 -6.1 72% 75.84 0.0
25 22:15 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT095 -2 -6.1 74% 75.82 0.0
25 21:55 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR -2.2 -6.3 74% 75.82 0.0
25 21:35 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR -1.5 -7.3 65% 75.84 0.0
25 21:15 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR -1.9 -7.9 64% 75.79 0.0
25 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.3 -9 56% 75.79 0.0
25 20:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR -3.7 -10.5 60% 75.79 0.0
25 20:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -3.2 -11.6 53% 75.77 0.0
25 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -2.7 -12.1 49% 75.74 0.0
25 19:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.1 -12.5 42% 75.72 0.0
25 19:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.3 -13 38% 75.72 0.0
25 18:55 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -13.4 36% 75.69 0.0
25 18:35 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -13.2 37% 75.69 0.0
25 18:15 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 0.3 -13.2 36% -2 75.67 0.0
25 17:55 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 0.3 -13 3.7 0.3 36% -2 75.62 0.0
25 17:35 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 0.9 -13 35% -2 75.59 0.0
25 17:15 W 17 16.09 Fair CLR 2 -12.8 33% -2 75.59 0.0
25 16:55 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR 2 -12.4 34% -2 75.59 0.0
25 16:35 W 20 16.09 Fair CLR 2.4 -12.5 33% -2 75.57 0.0
25 16:15 W 20 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 2.6 -12 34% -2 75.57 0.0
25 15:55 W 19 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 2.6 -12.2 33% -1 75.54 0.0
25 15:35 W 19 16.09 Fair CLR 3.5 -12 31% -0 75.49 0.0
25 15:15 W 17 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 3.3 -11.9 32% -0 75.49 0.0
25 14:55 W 22 16.09 Fair CLR 3.5 -11.5 33% -1 75.49 0.0
25 14:35 NW 31 G 52 16.09 Fair CLR 3.5 -11.5 33% -2 75.46 0.0
25 14:15 W 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 3.1 -11.8 33% -0 75.46 0.0
25 13:55 W 19 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 2.6 -11.5 35% -1 75.46 0.0
25 13:35 W 19 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 2.9 -11.3 35% -1 75.49 0.0
25 13:15 NW 24 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 2.5 -11.3 36% -2 75.46 0.0
25 12:55 NW 19 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 2.7 -10.7 37% -1 75.44 0.0
25 12:35 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 2.1 -10.6 39% -2 75.44 0.0
25 12:15 W 19 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 2 -10.3 40% -2 75.46 0.0
25 11:55 W 22 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 2 -9.9 2.2 -3.1 41% -3 75.46 0.0
25 11:35 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 1.8 -9.5 43% -1 75.44 0.0
25 11:15 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 1.3 -9.3 46% -2 75.44 0.0
25 10:55 W 9 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 1 -8.8 48% -2 75.41 0.0
25 10:35 NW 19 16.09 Fair CLR 0.6 -9.4 48% -4 75.44 0.0
25 10:15 W 20 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 0.7 -9 49% -4 75.44 0.0
25 09:55 W 19 16.09 Fair CLR 0.6 -8.3 52% -4 75.41 0.0
25 09:35 W 17 16.09 Fair CLR 0.1 -8.2 54% -4 75.39 0.0
25 09:15 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR -0.5 -8 57% -5 75.36 0.0
25 08:55 W 20 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR -0.1 -7.8 57% -5 75.36 0.0
25 08:35 W 19 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR -0.8 -7.5 61% -6 75.34 0.0
25 08:15 W 19 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR -1.1 -7.2 64% -6 75.29 0.0
25 07:55 W 19 16.09 Fair CLR -1.4 -7 66% -6 75.29 0.0
25 07:35 W 19 16.09 Fair CLR -1.6 -6.8 68% -7 75.26 0.0
25 07:15 W 20 16.09 Fair CLR -1.8 -6.5 71% -7 75.23 0.0
25 06:55 W 17 16.09 Fair CLR -2.5 -5.9 78% -7 75.21 0.0
25 06:35 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR -2.6 -6 78% -6 75.18 0.0
25 06:15 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR -3.1 -6 81% -7 75.16 0.0
25 05:55 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR -3 -5.7 1 -3 82% -7 75.16 0.0
25 05:35 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR -2.8 -5.9 79% -7 75.16 0.0
25 05:15 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR -2.1 -5.3 79% -7 75.16 0.0
25 04:55 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR -2 -5 80% -6 75.16 0.0
25 04:35 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR -2.5 -5.1 83% -7 75.16 0.0
25 04:15 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR -2.1 -5.1 80% -6 75.16 0.0
25 03:55 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR -2.1 -5.1 80% -6 75.16 0.0
25 03:35 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR -2.5 -5.5 80% -6 75.13 0.0
25 03:15 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR -2.5 -5.6 80% -6 75.13 0.0
25 02:55 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR -2.2 -5.5 78% -6 75.16 0.0
25 02:35 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR -2.2 -5.7 77% -6 75.16 0.0
25 02:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR -2.1 -6 75% -5 75.18 0.0
25 01:55 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR -2 -6 74% -5 75.18 0.0
25 01:35 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR -1.1 -5.7 71% -4 75.18 0.0
25 01:15 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR -0.8 -6.1 68% -4 75.16 0.0
25 00:55 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -5.6 66% -4 75.13 0.0
25 00:35 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -5.8 65% -3 75.11 0.0
25 00:15 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR 0.5 -5.8 63% -3 75.08 0.0
24 23:55 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR 1 -5.7 3.2 0.5 61% -3 75.08 0.0
24 23:35 W 17 16.09 Fair CLR 0.9 -5.4 63% -3 75.08 0.0
24 23:15 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 0.6 -5.6 64% -2 75.06 0.0
24 22:55 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 1.5 -5.2 61% -2 75.03 0.0
24 22:35 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 1.5 -5.6 60% -1 75.03 0.0
24 22:15 SW 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN036 2 -5.5 58% -2 75.01 0.0
24 21:55 SW 17 16.09 Overcast BKN036 BKN045 OVC065 2.8 -5.2 56% -1 74.98 0.0
24 21:35 SW 20 16.09 Overcast SCT026 BKN050 OVC060 3 -5.2 55% -1 74.98 0.0
24 21:15 SW 17 16.09 Overcast SCT024 SCT038 OVC048 3.1 -5 56% -0 75.01 0.0
24 20:55 SW 13 16.09 Overcast OVC046 2.8 -5.2 56% -0 75.01 0.0
24 20:35 SW 17 16.09 Overcast OVC046 3 -5.2 55% -1 75.01 0.0
24 20:15 SW 20 16.09 Overcast OVC046 3 -5.3 55% -1 75.03 0.0
24 19:55 SW 26 G 31 16.09 Overcast BKN044 BKN065 OVC100 2.7 -5.8 54% -2 75.01 0.0
24 19:35 SW 35 G 43 16.09 Overcast and Breezy SCT055 OVC100 2.6 -6.5 52% -3 74.96 0.0
24 19:15 SW 31 G 41 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC075 2.5 -6.5 52% -3 75.01 0.0
24 18:55 SW 20 G 31 16.09 Overcast SCT060 BKN075 OVC085 2.5 -6.6 51% -2 75.08 0.0
24 18:35 SW 22 16.09 Overcast OVC085 2.5 -6.7 51% -2 75.06 0.0
24 18:15 SW 24 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC085 2.4 -6.8 51% -2 75.06 0.0
24 17:55 SW 31 G 46 16.09 Overcast OVC085 2.1 -7 2.1 -0.1 51% -3 74.98 0.0
24 17:35 SW 28 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC100 2 -7 52% -3 74.98 0.0
24 17:15 SW 28 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC100 1.7 -7 53% -4 75.03 0.0
24 16:55 SW 26 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC110 1.5 -7.2 53% -4 75.03 0.0
24 16:35 SW 30 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC110 1.3 -7.4 53% -4 75.03 0.0
24 16:15 S 31 G 43 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 1.1 -7.5 53% -5 75.06 0.0
24 15:55 SW 28 G 43 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 1 -7.8 52% -5 75.08 0.0
24 15:35 S 28 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 1 -8 51% -5 75.11 0.0
24 15:15 S 31 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 0.7 -8.3 51% -5 75.16 0.0
24 14:55 S 31 G 41 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 0.5 -8.5 51% -6 75.18 0.0
24 14:35 S 33 G 46 16.09 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT120 0.5 -8.9 50% -6 75.21 0.0
24 14:15 S 35 G 48 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN110 0.3 -9 50% -6 75.21 0.0
24 13:55 S 31 G 56 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 0.2 -9.2 50% -6 75.21 0.0
24 13:35 S 33 G 52 16.09 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT110 0.2 -9.5 49% -6 75.26 0.0
24 13:15 S 33 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 0.3 -9.5 48% -6 75.34 0.0
24 12:55 S 41 G 50 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 0.2 -9.4 49% -7 75.39 0.0
24 12:35 S 31 G 50 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -9.4 50% -6 75.39 0.0
24 12:15 S 41 G 52 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 0 -9.5 49% -7 75.46 0.0
24 11:55 S 31 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR -0.1 -9.6 -0.1 -7.7 49% -6 75.54 0.0
24 11:35 S 33 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -0.5 -10 49% -7 75.59 0.0
24 11:15 S 33 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -0.6 -9.9 50% -7 75.67 0.0
24 10:55 S 37 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -1 -10.3 50% -8 75.74 0.0
24 10:35 S 35 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -1 -10.3 50% -8 75.79 0.0
24 10:15 S 30 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR -1.2 -10.3 50% -8 75.84 0.0
24 09:55 S 39 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -1.6 -10.4 52% -9 75.9 0.0
24 09:35 S 35 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -2 -10.5 53% -9 75.95 0.0
24 09:15 S 28 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR -2.7 -10.5 55% -9 76 0.0
24 08:55 S 33 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -3 -10.6 56% -10 76.07 0.0
24 08:35 S 28 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR -3.5 -10.1 61% -10 76.1 0.0
24 08:15 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR -4.1 -10.1 63% -10 76.15 0.0
24 07:55 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR -5 -10.2 67% -11 76.17 0.0
24 07:35 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR -6 -10.5 71% -12 76.2 0.0
24 07:15 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR -6.6 -10.5 74% -12 76.25 0.0
24 06:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -7 -10.5 76% -12 76.28 0.0
24 06:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -7.1 -10.5 77% -12 76.3 0.0
24 06:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -7.7 -10.7 79% -12 76.35 0.0
24 05:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -7.7 -10.5 -7 -9.1 81% -12 76.4 0.0
24 05:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -7.7 -10.5 81% -12 76.43 0.0
24 05:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -8.1 -10.7 82% -13 76.48 0.0
24 04:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -8.2 -11.1 80% -13 76.5 0.0
24 04:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -7.2 -10.4 78% -12 76.56 0.0
24 04:15 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR -7 -10.1 79% -12 76.56 0.0
24 03:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -7 -10.2 78% -12 76.58 0.0
24 03:35 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR -7 -10 79% -12 76.61 0.0
24 03:15 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR -7.1 -10 80% -12 76.63 0.0
24 02:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR -7.5 -10 83% -12 76.66 0.0
24 02:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR -7.5 -10.1 82% -11 76.68 0.0
24 02:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR -7.8 -10.3 82% 76.71 0.0
24 01:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR -8.5 -11 82% -12 76.73 0.0
24 01:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR -8.6 -11.2 82% -12 76.76 0.0
24 01:15 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR -8.5 -10.9 83% -12 76.78 0.0
24 00:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR -9.1 -11.5 83% -13 76.81 0.0
24 00:35 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR -8.9 -11.1 84% -13 76.84 0.0
24 00:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -11.4 83% -13 76.86 0.0
23 23:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -8.6 -10.8 -5.2 -9.5 84% 76.89 0.0
23 23:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -8.7 -10.9 84% 76.91 0.0
23 23:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -11.1 85% 76.94 0.0
23 22:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -8.8 -10.9 85% 76.94 0.0
23 22:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -9.1 -10.9 87% 76.96 0.0
23 22:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR -9.1 -11.1 86% 76.96 0.0
23 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -7.7 -9.8 85% 76.99 0.0
23 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -8.3 -10.5 84% 77.01 0.0
23 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -8 -10.5 82% 77.04 0.0
23 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -7.6 -10.1 82% 77.04 0.0
23 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -8.7 -11 84% 77.06 0.0
23 20:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -8.5 -10.9 83% 77.06 0.0
23 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -7.1 -10.5 77% 77.11 0.0
23 19:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.7 -10.7 74% 77.11 0.0
23 19:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.7 -10.6 69% 77.14 0.0
23 18:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.5 -10.5 68% 77.17 0.0
23 18:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR -5.6 -10.6 68% 77.19 0.0
23 18:15 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR -5.5 -10.5 68% -9 77.19 0.0
23 17:55 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR -5.2 -10.6 -2.6 -5.2 66% -9 77.19 0.0
23 17:35 NE 11 16.09 Fair CLR -5 -10.8 64% -9 77.19 0.0
23 17:15 NE 11 16.09 Fair CLR -4.4 -11 60% -8 77.19 0.0
23 16:55 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR -3.9 -11 58% -8 77.22 0.0
23 16:35 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR -3.5 -11.6 54% -7 77.22 0.0
23 16:15 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR -3.5 -11.6 54% -7 77.24 0.0
23 15:55 NE 13 16.09 Fair CLR -3.1 -11.5 53% -7 77.24 0.0
23 15:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR -2.7 -11.5 51% 77.24 0.0
23 15:15 NE 11 16.09 Fair CLR -3 -11.8 51% -7 77.24 0.0
23 14:55 N 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT034 -3.6 -11.6 54% -6 77.27 0.0
23 14:35 NE 11 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT034 -3.2 -11.8 52% -7 77.27 0.0
23 14:15 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC034 -3.6 -12.5 51% -7 77.29 0.0
23 13:55 N 15 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -3.9 -12.3 52% -9 77.32 0.0
23 13:35 NE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -3.5 -11.6 54% -9 77.29 0.0
23 13:15 N 19 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -4 -12.1 54% -10 77.32 0.0
23 12:55 N 22 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -4.1 -12.1 54% -10 77.32 0.0
23 12:35 NW 22 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC030 -3.5 -11.8 53% -10 77.34 0.0
23 12:15 N 17 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC030 -3.9 -11.8 55% -9 77.37 0.0
23 11:55 N 19 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC030 -4.1 -11.9 -3.7 -6.5 55% -10 77.37 0.0
23 11:35 NW 28 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC030 -3.7 -11.6 55% -11 77.37 0.0
23 11:15 NW 26 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -4.3 -11.9 56% -11 77.37 0.0
23 10:55 NW 28 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC034 -4.4 -12 56% -11 77.37 0.0
23 10:35 NW 20 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC034 -4.3 -11.6 57% -10 77.37 0.0
23 10:15 NW 26 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC034 -4.8 -11.8 58% -12 77.34 0.0
23 09:55 N 20 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -5 -11.8 59% -11 77.34 0.0
23 09:35 N 22 G 37 16.09 Light Snow OVC031 -5.4 -11.2 64% -12 77.34 0.0
23 09:15 NW 28 G 37 8.05 Light Snow SCT016 BKN026 OVC034 -5.3 -10.4 68% -13 77.32 0.0
23 08:55 NW 22 G 31 4.83 Light Snow SCT018 BKN027 OVC036 -5.4 -10.1 70% -12 77.32 0.0
23 08:35 N 22 G 41 8.05 Light Snow BKN028 OVC034 -5.7 -10.6 69% -12 77.29 0.0
23 08:15 NW 26 G 35 16.09 Light Snow OVC028 -5.7 -11 67% -13 77.29 0.0
23 07:55 NW 22 G 30 16.09 Light Snow BKN028 OVC033 -6 -10.4 71% -13 77.29 0.0
23 07:35 NW 22 G 37 16.09 Light Snow SCT020 OVC030 -6.3 -10.5 72% -13 77.27 0.0
23 07:15 NW 19 3.22 Light Snow BKN017 BKN022 OVC028 -6.5 -10.4 74% -13 77.27 0.0
23 06:55 NW 28 16.09 Light Snow OVC028 -6.4 -10.5 73% -14 77.24 0.0
23 06:35 NW 20 16.09 Light Snow OVC028 -6.5 -10.5 74% -13 77.24 0.0
23 06:15 NW 20 G 30 16.09 Light Snow OVC030 -6.5 -10.6 73% -13 77.24 0.0
23 05:55 NW 15 16.09 Light Snow OVC032 -6.3 -10.8 -6.2 -7.2 71% -12 77.22 0.0
Date Time (cst) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)