National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Louisiana Regional Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
31 04:55 Calm 11.27 Overcast BKN005 OVC011 21.6 21.1 97% 76.5 0.0
31 04:35 SE 6 11.27 Overcast BKN005 OVC009 21.7 21.2 97% 76.5 0.0
31 04:15 E 9 11.27 Overcast OVC007 21.8 21.2 96% 76.5 0.0
31 03:55 SE 6 11.27 Overcast OVC007 21.8 21.1 96% 76.5 0.0
31 03:35 SE 6 11.27 Overcast OVC007 22 21.2 95% 76.5 0.0
31 03:15 SE 7 11.27 Overcast OVC007 22 21.2 95% 76.53 0.0
31 02:55 E 6 11.27 Overcast OVC007 22 21.1 95% 76.53 0.0
31 02:35 SE 7 11.27 Overcast OVC007 22.1 21.1 94% 76.53 0.0
31 02:15 SE 9 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN009 22 21 94% 76.53 0.0
31 01:55 SE 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT009 21.7 20.8 95% 76.56 0.0
31 01:35 SE 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN009 21.9 20.7 93% 76.56 0.0
31 01:15 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC009 22 20.6 92% 76.56 0.0
31 00:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC009 21.9 20.7 25.2 21.3 93% 76.58 0.0
31 00:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC013 21.6 20.6 94% 76.58 0.0
31 00:15 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN013 21.5 20.2 92% 76.61 0.0
30 23:55 E 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN013 21.3 20 92% 76.61 0.0
30 23:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT013 21.5 20 91% 76.63 0.0
30 23:15 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT013 SCT023 21.6 19.8 90% 76.63 0.0
30 22:55 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT023 21.7 19.7 88% 76.63 0.0
30 22:35 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 22 19.7 87% 76.63 0.0
30 22:15 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT018 21.8 19.6 87% 76.63 0.0
30 21:55 SE 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT018 22.1 19.7 86% 76.63 0.0
30 21:35 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT026 22.3 19.8 86% 76.63 0.0
30 21:15 SE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 22.5 19.7 84% 76.61 0.0
30 20:55 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 22.8 19.7 83% 76.58 0.0
30 20:35 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 19.7 81% 76.56 0.0
30 20:15 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 23.6 19.6 78% 76.56 0.0
30 19:55 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 23.8 19.6 77% 76.56 0.0
30 19:35 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 19.7 77% 25 76.53 0.0
30 19:15 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT048 SCT055 24.6 19.8 75% 25 76.53 0.0
30 18:55 E 17 16.09 Overcast SCT041 OVC049 25.2 19.5 28.1 24.6 71% 26 76.53 0.0 0.13
30 18:35 E 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT039 BKN049 26.3 19.5 66% 28 76.53 0.0
30 18:15 SE 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT039 SCT049 26.8 18.7 61% 28 76.53 0.0
30 17:55 SE 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT039 SCT049 27.5 18.8 59% 29 76.53 0.0
30 17:35 SE 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT041 27.5 19 60% 29 76.53 0.0
30 17:15 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT033 SCT039 SCT045 26.6 20.6 70% 28 76.53 0.0
30 16:55 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 21.2 70% 29 76.56 0.0 0.1
30 16:35 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 25.9 20.8 74% 27 76.56 0.0 0.1
30 16:15 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT019 SCT031 BKN090 26 20.9 74% 27 76.56 0.0 0.1
30 15:55 SE 19 G 31 8.05 Heavy Rain SCT027 BKN034 BKN041 25.7 20.5 73% 27 76.61 0.0 0.03 0.03
30 15:35 SE 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN036 27.5 19.6 62% 29 76.61 0.0
30 15:15 E 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 BKN043 28 19.5 60% 29 76.63 0.0
30 14:55 E 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 BKN041 27.7 19.6 61% 29 76.63 0.0
30 14:35 E 11 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT028 BKN035 BKN050 27.2 19.4 62% 29 76.66 0.0
30 14:15 SE 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 BKN048 BKN055 27.7 19.2 60% 29 76.68 0.0
30 13:55 SE 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT033 SCT042 27.5 18.9 59% 29 76.71 0.0
30 13:35 SE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT026 BKN031 27.5 18.7 59% 29 76.73 0.0
30 13:15 E 15 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT020 SCT027 BKN032 26.1 19.6 67% 27 76.73 0.0
30 12:55 SE 17 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN020 BKN027 OVC032 25.6 20.3 25.6 20.7 73% 27 76.76 0.0 0.43
30 12:35 E 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN020 BKN025 BKN050 25.1 20.1 74% 26 76.76 0.0
30 12:15 SE 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT010 SCT055 24.4 19.9 76% 25 76.78 0.0
30 11:55 E 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN010 23.6 20.4 82% 76.78 0.0
30 11:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC008 23.1 20.5 85% 76.78 0.0
30 11:15 E 11 16.09 Overcast OVC008 22.7 20.7 89% 76.81 0.0
30 10:55 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC008 22.1 20.5 91% 76.81 0.0
30 10:35 E 11 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity OVC006 21.7 20.5 93% 76.81 0.0
30 10:15 E 6 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN006 BKN033 BKN100 21.5 20.7 95% 76.81 0.0
30 09:55 NE 9 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN006 BKN016 BKN029 21.1 20.7 98% 76.81 0.0 0.1 0.43
30 09:35 E 7 8.05 Rain BKN004 BKN013 OVC020 20.8 20.5 98% 76.81 0.0 0.1
30 09:15 E 7 6.44 Drizzle BKN004 BKN008 OVC031 20.8 20.5 98% 76.81 0.0 0.05
30 08:55 E 13 4.02 Thunderstorm Rain in Vicinity BKN007 OVC029 20.7 20.5 99% 76.78 0.0 0.28
30 08:35 E 13 4.02 Rain BKN005 BKN014 OVC033 20.9 20.5 98% 76.76 0.0 0.15
30 08:15 E 6 8.05 Thunderstorm in Vicinity Fog/Mist SCT011 BKN029 OVC035 21 20.4 96% 76.76 0.0
30 07:55 E 7 4.83 Heavy Drizzle SCT009 OVC015 21 20.2 95% 76.73 0.0 0.03
30 07:35 E 7 6.44 Thunderstorm Heavy Drizzle in Vicinity OVC015 21.1 19.9 93% 76.73 0.0
30 07:15 E 6 11.27 Overcast OVC015 21.2 19.4 90% 76.71 0.0
30 06:55 E 6 11.27 Overcast BKN017 OVC022 21.1 19.5 21.1 20.1 91% 76.68 0.0
30 06:35 NE 6 11.27 Overcast BKN015 BKN022 OVC046 20.8 19.5 92% 76.68 0.0
30 06:15 NE 6 11.27 Overcast OVC015 20.6 19.5 93% 76.66 0.0
30 05:55 NE 7 11.27 Overcast BKN017 BKN032 OVC080 20.5 19.5 94% 76.66 0.0
30 05:35 E 6 11.27 Overcast BKN015 BKN029 OVC075 20.4 19.4 94% 76.66 0.0
30 05:15 Calm 11.27 Overcast SCT017 BKN034 OVC070 20.5 19.2 92% 76.66 0.0
30 04:55 NE 7 11.27 Overcast BKN032 OVC070 20.4 19.2 93% 76.66 0.0
30 04:35 NE 6 11.27 Overcast SCT016 OVC034 20.2 19.2 94% 76.66 0.0
30 04:15 Calm 11.27 Overcast SCT018 SCT034 OVC070 20.1 19.1 94% 76.66 0.0
30 03:55 Calm 11.27 Overcast SCT020 BKN035 OVC070 20.2 19 93% 76.68 0.0
30 03:35 NE 6 11.27 Overcast BKN022 BKN026 OVC031 20.3 19 92% 76.68 0.0
30 03:15 Calm 11.27 Overcast SCT011 OVC027 20.5 18.9 91% 76.71 0.0
30 02:55 NE 6 11.27 Overcast OVC011 20.5 18.8 90% 76.73 0.0
30 02:35 Calm 11.27 Overcast OVC011 20.5 18.7 89% 76.73 0.0
30 02:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC011 20.7 18.8 89% 76.73 0.0
30 01:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC013 20.7 18.8 89% 76.73 0.0
30 01:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC013 20.7 18.6 88% 76.73 0.0
30 01:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC013 20.6 18.6 88% 76.76 0.0
30 00:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast BKN015 OVC021 20.6 18.6 22 20.1 88% 76.78 0.0
30 00:35 E 6 16.09 Overcast BKN017 BKN021 OVC070 20.6 18.6 88% 76.78 0.0
30 00:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast BKN017 OVC065 20.5 18.5 88% 76.81 0.0
29 23:55 E 7 11.27 Overcast BKN017 OVC065 20.3 18.7 91% 76.78 0.0
29 23:35 E 6 11.27 Overcast BKN015 SCT023 OVC065 20.2 18.9 92% 76.81 0.0
29 23:15 E 7 11.27 Overcast BKN017 BKN022 OVC065 20.3 18.8 91% 76.81 0.0
29 22:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast SCT015 SCT022 OVC065 20.5 19 91% 76.81 0.0
29 22:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC013 20.5 19.1 92% 76.78 0.0
29 22:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC014 20.5 19.2 92% 76.78 0.0
29 21:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC016 20.4 19.2 93% 76.78 0.0
29 21:35 E 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT008 BKN018 BKN024 20.4 19.3 93% 76.78 0.0
29 21:15 E 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN018 BKN026 20.7 19.3 92% 76.76 0.0
29 20:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC026 21 19.5 91% 76.76 0.0
29 20:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC024 21.1 19.3 90% 76.73 0.0
29 20:15 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC022 21.3 19.5 90% 76.73 0.0
29 19:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC022 21.5 19.6 89% 76.73 0.0
29 19:35 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC022 21.6 19.6 88% 76.73 0.0
29 19:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast BKN022 OVC031 21.7 19.7 88% 76.73 0.0
29 18:55 E 7 16.09 Overcast BKN024 OVC031 22 19.7 26.2 22 87% 76.76 0.0 0.05
29 18:35 E 9 16.09 Light Drizzle SCT024 BKN029 OVC065 22.1 19.6 86% 76.76 0.0
29 18:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT025 BKN038 OVC050 22.5 19.1 81% 76.76 0.0
29 17:55 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT015 BKN035 OVC041 22.9 19 79% 76.76 0.0
29 17:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT013 BKN018 OVC045 22.7 20 85% 76.76 0.0
29 17:15 E 11 16.09 Overcast SCT017 SCT023 OVC038 23 20 83% 76.76 0.0
29 16:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast SCT032 OVC040 22.7 20.3 86% 76.76 0.0
29 16:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT032 OVC042 22.5 20.3 87% 76.76 0.0
29 16:15 NE 13 16.09 Overcast SCT019 BKN044 OVC050 22.6 20.3 87% 76.76 0.0
29 15:55 NE 15 11.27 Light Rain SCT019 BKN024 OVC032 22.3 20.4 89% 76.78 0.0 0.05 0.05
29 15:35 E 19 G 28 16.09 Overcast SCT019 BKN036 OVC075 24 19 74% 25 76.78 0.0
29 15:15 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT023 BKN035 OVC055 24.4 19.1 72% 25 76.78 0.0
29 14:55 E 13 16.09 Light Rain SCT025 BKN046 OVC055 25.4 19.4 69% 26 76.81 0.0
29 14:35 NE 15 16.09 Overcast SCT025 BKN032 OVC065 26 18.7 64% 27 76.81 0.0
29 14:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT027 BKN032 OVC065 25.5 18.4 65% 27 76.84 0.0
29 13:55 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT029 BKN034 OVC055 25.7 18.5 65% 27 76.86 0.0
29 13:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT029 BKN048 OVC055 26 17.8 61% 27 76.86 0.0
29 13:15 E 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN031 BKN041 BKN046 25 17.2 62% 26 76.89 0.0
29 12:55 NE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 26 17 26.7 11.5 58% 27 76.91 0.0
29 12:35 E 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT035 SCT041 26.2 16.8 56% 27 76.94 0.0
29 12:15 E 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT037 25.4 16.1 56% 26 76.96 0.0
29 11:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24.8 15.4 56% 26 76.99 0.0
29 11:35 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.4 14.8 55% 26 76.99 0.0
29 11:15 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 24 14.2 54% 25 77.01 0.0
29 10:55 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 14.3 56% 77.01 0.0
29 10:35 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.1 13.7 56% 77.01 0.0
29 10:15 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 22.1 13.2 57% 76.99 0.0
29 09:55 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 21.3 12.5 57% 76.99 0.0
29 09:35 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 20 11.2 57% 76.96 0.0
29 09:15 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 18.7 9.9 57% 76.96 0.0
29 08:55 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 17 8.4 57% 76.96 0.0
29 08:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 16.1 7.8 58% 76.96 0.0
29 08:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.6 6.7 59% 76.94 0.0
29 07:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 6.3 62% 76.94 0.0
29 07:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.2 6.3 67% 76.91 0.0
29 07:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12 6.1 67% 76.89 0.0
29 06:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 11.7 6.3 15.5 10.5 70% 76.89 0.0
29 06:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 11.4 6.5 72% 76.86 0.0
29 06:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 11.3 7 75% 76.86 0.0
29 05:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 10.5 7.4 81% 76.86 0.0
29 05:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 11.4 6.8 74% 76.84 0.0
29 05:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 11.3 6.7 74% 76.84 0.0
29 04:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.2 6.2 67% 76.84 0.0
29 04:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.8 5.7 62% 76.84 0.0
29 04:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.1 5.6 61% 76.84 0.0
29 03:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.8 5.4 57% 76.84 0.0
29 03:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.1 6.1 63% 76.84 0.0
29 03:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.2 6.1 62% 76.84 0.0
29 02:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 11.9 7.3 74% 76.86 0.0
29 02:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 11.7 7.7 77% 76.86 0.0
29 02:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.3 7.2 71% 76.89 0.0
29 01:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 6 61% 76.91 0.0
29 01:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.6 5 53% 76.91 0.0
29 01:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15 5.1 52% 76.94 0.0
29 00:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.5 4.6 23.2 14.8 48% 76.94 0.0
29 00:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.8 4.4 47% 76.94 0.0
29 00:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.9 4.4 47% 76.94 0.0
28 23:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.8 4.1 43% 76.96 0.0
28 23:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 17.2 3.7 41% 76.96 0.0
28 23:15 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 3.6 40% 76.96 0.0
28 22:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18 3.5 38% 76.96 0.0
28 22:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 18.2 3.9 39% 76.96 0.0
28 22:15 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 18.7 3.8 37% 76.96 0.0
28 21:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15.1 8.6 65% 76.96 0.0
28 21:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15 9 68% 76.96 0.0
28 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.2 9.2 68% 76.94 0.0
28 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.7 8.8 64% 76.94 0.0
28 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.6 8.3 58% 76.91 0.0
28 20:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 17.3 8.5 56% 76.89 0.0
28 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18.1 7.4 50% 76.89 0.0
28 19:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 20.4 5.9 39% 76.89 0.0
28 19:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.6 3.2 28% 76.86 0.0
28 18:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 3.4 24.8 21.2 28% 76.86 0.0
28 18:35 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.8 3 26% 76.84 0.0
28 18:15 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 3.1 25% 25 76.84 0.0
28 17:55 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 3.6 26% 25 76.84 0.0
28 17:35 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 3.1 25% 25 76.84 0.0
28 17:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 3.5 25% 25 76.84 0.0
28 16:55 NW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 4 27% 25 76.84 0.0
28 16:35 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 3.3 26% 25 76.84 0.0
28 16:15 NE 9 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 24.4 3.4 26% 25 76.86 0.0
28 15:55 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 4.1 27% 25 76.89 0.0
28 15:35 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.9 3.2 26% 25 76.89 0.0
28 15:15 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 3.4 27% 76.91 0.0
28 14:55 N 17 16.09 Fair CLR 23.4 3.1 27% 76.94 0.0
28 14:35 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 3.9 28% 76.96 0.0
28 14:15 NE 13 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 22.7 3.6 29% 77.01 0.0
28 13:55 N 15 16.09 Fair CLR 22.4 3.3 29% 77.04 0.0
28 13:35 NE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 21.8 3.6 30% 77.04 0.0
28 13:15 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 21.8 4.2 32% 77.06 0.0
28 12:55 N 17 16.09 Fair CLR 21.3 4.1 21.3 16 32% 77.09 0.0
28 12:35 N 20 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 20.8 3.6 32% 77.09 0.0
28 12:15 N 15 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 3.8 34% 77.11 0.0
28 11:55 N 13 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 19.8 3.8 35% 77.11 0.0
28 11:35 N 15 16.09 Fair CLR 19.1 3.1 35% 77.14 0.0
28 11:15 N 15 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 19.1 3.6 36% 77.14 0.0
28 10:55 N 22 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 19 3.8 37% 77.14 0.0
28 10:35 NE 17 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 18.7 4 38% 77.14 0.0
28 10:15 N 20 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 18 3.4 38% 77.14 0.0
28 09:55 N 17 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 17.7 3.7 40% 77.14 0.0
28 09:35 N 22 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 17.4 4.4 42% 77.11 0.0
28 09:15 N 17 G 35 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT046 17.1 6.7 51% 77.11 0.0
28 08:55 N 19 G 28 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT046 16.9 7.7 55% 77.09 0.0
28 08:35 N 15 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 16.7 8.4 58% 77.09 0.0
28 08:15 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 16.3 8.6 61% 77.06 0.0
28 07:55 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 9 63% 77.06 0.0
28 07:35 N 15 16.09 Fair CLR 16.1 9.5 65% 77.01 0.0
28 07:15 N 15 16.09 Fair CLR 16 10.6 71% 76.99 0.0
28 06:55 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 16.5 10.9 21.6 16.5 70% 76.96 0.0
28 06:35 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 17 11 68% 76.96 0.0
28 06:15 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 17.2 11.1 68% 76.96 0.0
28 05:55 N 17 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 11.3 67% 76.94 0.0
28 05:35 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 11.6 69% 76.94 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)