Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Jackson, KY
Issued by NWS Jackson, KY
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267 FXUS63 KJKL 050750 AFDJKL AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION National Weather Service Jackson KY 350 AM EDT Wed Jun 5 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - The threat of showers and thunderstorms will increase through mid-week. - Relatively cooler and drier weather arrives behind a cold front which will pass through eastern Kentucky on Thursday. && .UPDATE... Issued at 1150 PM EDT TUE JUN 4 2024 The next in line upper wave is bringing a renewed threat of showers and possible thunderstorms to the area late this evening. Have updated the forecast mainly to add in the current radar and CAMs` trends for the PoPs and thunder chances. Did also include the current obs and tendencies for the T/Td/Sky grids with this update. These minor adjustments have been sent to the NDFD and web servers along with a freshening of the zones, SAFs, and HWO. UPDATE Issued at 745 PM EDT TUE JUN 4 2024 23Z sfc analysis shows a very weak area of high pressure over the central Appalachians while low pressure is noted to the west. This high has been ineffectual at keeping the convection out of the this part of the state this afternoon and evening. Plenty of instability, but little shear resulted in mainly pulse storms, though a few clusters were able to push several stout and photogenic gust fronts and shelf clouds through the area. In addition, moderately high PWS led to an incident of localized high water from training storm cells. The worst of these are now exiting stage right and using up the remaining instability for the JKL CWA, though a few weaker storms will remain possible through the night. Currently, temperatures vary from the mid and upper 60s in the rain cooled areas to the upper 70s just ahead of some storms in the far northeast. Meanwhile, dewpoints remain elevated in the upper 60s to lower 70s most places - but mid 60s in the rain. Did update the PoPs and thunder forecast through the night per near term radar trends and the latest CAMs` guidance. Did also include the latest obs and tendencies in the T/Td/Sky grids with this update. These adjustments have been sent to the NDFD and web servers along with a freshening of the zones and SAFs. && .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Wednesday night) Issued at 407 PM EDT TUE JUN 4 2024 As of mid afternoon, the axis of a mid and upper level ridge extended from off the southeast U.S. coast north through the Carolinas and VA toward the eastern Great Lakes while an upper level low was centered over Saskatchewan and an associated upper level trough south through portions of the Plains. Upper ridging extended into portions of the southwestern Conus while multiple shortwaves were moving around it toward western Canada and the northwest Conus. A couple of shortwaves/disturbances moving through the flow ahead of the 500 mb through axis were nearing the region at this point with the first moving across the western KY to TN Valley area while another shortwave was nearing the mid MS Valley. At the surface, a ridge of high pressure extended from the southeast Conus into portions of the Atlantic with a frontal zone extending from the Atlantic to VA/Mid Atlantic vicinity and then west and northwest across the Central Appalachians to the Great Lakes to the triple point of a sfc low in Alberta. A cold front extended south from that system into the Northern to portions of the Central Plains and then into the western Conus. Moisture has been increasing across the region today, with PW analyzed in the 1.3 range east to nearly 1.75 inches near Lake Cumberland region. Daytime heating of this airmass with temperatures rising into the 80s and dewpoints in the 60s to near 70 was yielding an analyzed MLCAPE generally in the 500 to 1200 J/kg range with SBCAPE a bit higher in the 1500 to 2500 J/kg range. Low level lapse rates are generally 7C/km if not 8C/km,but mid level lapse rates are quite meager about 5.5C/km at best. Winds aloft are weak and shear is rather minimal at this time. Earlier activity was generally pulse type with a bit greater coverage and longevity of the activity nearer to the shortwave that is mainly just producing brief downpours. The initial shortwave trough nearing the area should continue east and northeast across the region through the evening, while the second shortwave upstream generally passes northeast. These shift east overnight generally and this combined with the loss of daytime heating should result in a lull in activity from the late in the evening into the overnight. However, the 500 mb trough axis will approach late tonight and on Wednesday downstream of the upper low meandering into Manitoba. In addition, during this time, sfc low pressure will track into northern Ontario with the trailing cold front working across the western and into the Central Great Lakes to mid MS and near the OH Valley before becoming stationary in the Southern Plains. This trough is expected to work across eastern KY late Wednesday and Wednesday night with the weakening cold front also moving into eastern KY, but likely not completely clearing the region before dawn on Thursday. The moist airmass will remain across the region through the near term period, with PW rising to generally 1.6 or higher this evening and then climbing to the 1.7 to 1.9 inch range on Wednesday. There should be a breif drop off in between shortwaves late this evening in PW back toward 1.5 inches briefly. PW will remain generally 1.8 to 1.9 inches into Wednesday evening, before decreasing as the next shortwave and cold front enter and move into the region on Wednesday night at which point values drop toward 0.8 northwest to about 1.5 inches late tonight along the VA border. Another uptick in coverage of convection should occur by the diurnal cycle on Wednesday in advance of the next shortwave or front and as the PW increase again after the overnight lull some activity may develop in the moisture/PW gradient toward dawn or shortly thereafter. The rather high PW values combined with 6 hour HREF max QPF of about 2 to 2.5 inch range in the region on Wednesday lead to some concern with torrential downpours and if a location receives torrential downpours the threat of high water. Storm motions should be a bit swifter on Wednesday with 0-6km mean winds rising toward 20 to 25KT and at that point effective shear should be near 20KT. During peak heating on Wednesday, MLCAPE is forecast in the 850 to 1300 J/kg range and with this in mind activity on Wednesday should be a bit more organized with a strong storm or two with gusty winds a possibility with low level lapse rates about 7C/km or higher. Temperatures will remain mild through the near term ahead of the front with highs on Wednesday averaging a couple of degrees above normal while low will about 5 to 7 above normal for early June. .LONG TERM...(Thursday night through Tuesday) Issued at 350 AM EDT WED JUN 5 2024 The 05/00z model suite is generally in good synoptic agreement at the start of the period before spread increases this weekend/early next week. Initially, an ~548 dam low is in place over the Upper Great Lakes, embedded within a swale extending northwestward in the Yukon. This relative troughing is sandwiched between a prominent ridge over the western CONUS and another orphaned ridge axis aligned from Labrador/Quebec northwestward into the eastern Beaufort Sea. At the surface, a regional analysis shows an ~991 mb low south of James Bay while its cold front extends southward in to the Central Appalachians and then extends southwestward along the southern side of the of Ohio River, including across Kentucky, and beyond across the Ozarks. High pressure is found just north of the boundary across the the Central and Northern Plains. The cold front sags across southeast Kentucky late Thursday evening as the parent upper low drifts toward the Lower Great Lakes. The upper level forcing with this system remains well north of of the Commonwealth, leaving just the weak low-level convergence along the front to spark convection under a strong ~600 mb cap. The potential for lingering scattered convection is depicted by a majority of the 00z CAMs suite. Once that front clears the area, a drier and cooler air mass will move in on northwesterly breezes late Thursday Night and Friday as surface high pressure sinks southeastward into the Tennessee Valley/Mid- South Saturday night. Meanwhile, a vort max over the Canadian Prairies, will pivot, either in part or whole, around the upper low over the Lower Great Lakes, bringing another surface cold front to the Eastern Kentucky Coalfields. The system`s evolution will have a significant bearing on the rain chances late this weekend and early next week, depending upon whether this vort max remains more of a progressive open wave or forms a slow-moving closed low. Sensible weather will feature a diminishing threat for showers on Thursday evening. Once the precipitation ends, fair weather can be expected into Saturday morning with slightly cooler temperatures, ranging mainly in the mid to upper 70s for highs and in the lower to mid 50s for lows. A few of the coldest hollows could see upper 40s on Friday night. While the specifics are still uncertain, the daily threat for showers and even a few thunderstorms is very likely to return on Saturday and persist into early next week as the next cold front and upper level system approach. Forecast high temperatures generally range from the mid to upper 70s through the remainder of the forecast period while nighttime lows bottom out in the mid to upper 50s. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Wednesday evening) ISSUED AT 825 PM EDT TUE JUN 4 2024 Scattered shower and thunderstorm activity will linger through the evening, but with a general decrease in coverage through 04Z. Some periods of MVFR or lower vis and or ceilings are anticipated where the stronger showers and storms pass along with a brief gust into the 20 to 30 kt range. Fog could also be a concern tonight where the rain occurred, if clearing becomes substantial enough. Have included a tempo at many terminals for some late night restrictions due to fog. After an anticipated lull in activity between about 06Z and 12Z, shower and storm coverage will probably increase through Wednesday afternoon. Outside of any storms, winds will be mainly from the south to southwest at less than 10 kts through the aviation forecast period. && .JKL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ UPDATE...GREIF SHORT TERM...JP LONG TERM...GEERTSON AVIATION...JP/GREIF