835
FXUS62 KCHS 260624
AFDCHS

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Charleston SC
224 AM EDT Thu Sep 26 2024

.SYNOPSIS...
Hurricane Helene is forecast to track northward across the Gulf
of Mexico tonight, then move inland across portions of Florida
and Georgia Thursday into Friday. Multiple impacts are expected
across our area Thursday and Thursday night. Drier weather then
arrives later Friday and persists into the weekend.

&&

.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM THIS MORNING/...
Tonight: The initial surge of moisture continues to advect across
Southeast Georgia, with latest radar trends indicating a broken line
of showers and embedded thunderstorms approaching the Altamaha River
within the next hour. SBCAPE around 1000 J/kg, bulk shear around
35 kt, and 0-1 km helicity near 100 m2/s2 support a limited tornado
risk as this band of activity tracks north-northwest, mainly across
the Georgia interior. Outside of this activity, a few showers
will continue to push onshore traverse the Tri-County Area several
hours prior to an expansive area of mainly shower activity spreading
north into Southeast South Carolina approaching daybreak. Overnight
temps will remain noticeably mild within a southeast wind under
abundant clouds. In general, low temps should range in the mid-
upper 70s, although precip could cool temps into the lower 70s
well inland. Some locations could remain near 80 degrees along
the beaches.

&&

.SHORT TERM /6 AM THIS MORNING THROUGH 6 PM FRIDAY/...
Thursday and Thursday night: Hurricane Helene will be located in the
eastern Gulf of Mexico at daybreak and is forecast to make landfall
as a Major Hurricane across the Florida Panhandle around nightfall.
In addition, the fast forward speed while Helene crosses the coast
will result in a farther inland penetration of strong winds than is
typical. We lie on the stronger east side of Helene, and as a result
we have the entire forecast area covered by a Tropical Storm
Warning. Even though Helene is far inland, it`s broad expanse will
bring multiple hazards to the immediate area. For full details
please refer to weather.gov/chs and our Hurricane Local Statement
(HLS).

Tornadoes: The risk for tropical cyclone induced tornadoes will be
present across the entire area later Thursday into Thursday night.
Tornadoes are certainly a concern at any time, but since the risk
continues after dark, this makes the situation even more
treacherous. Have a tornado plan in place in case a warning is
issued, but keep in mind that tornadoes of this type can form with
little advance warning and move very quickly (potentially in excess
of 45 to 55 mph). The tornado risk is driven by long and looping
hodographs, with sufficient buoyancy (dew points in the mid
70s) and favorable SRH (200-300 m2/s2). The SCP and STP is also
highlighting the risk, as is the updraft helicity swaths as
shown by the HREF, coinciding with the rainbands associated with
Helene.

Winds: As mentioned above, a Tropical Storm Warning is in effect for
the entire forecast and warning area. Based on the 5 pm NHC
advisory, the Earliest Reasonable Arrival Time of Tropical Storm
Forecast Winds (39+ mph) in our area is mid to late afternoon across
Georgia, and early evening across South Carolina. The Most Likely
Arrival of these winds is early evening across Georgia and
during Thursday night across South Carolina.

The potential exists for downed and/or uprooted trees, isolated to
scattered power outages due to these winds, as wind gusts could
reach as high as 40 or 50 mph when the strongest winds occur
Thursday night.

Please note that NHC cautions users to be aware that the Tropical
Storm probabilities are likely running low due to the unusual size
and fast forward motion of Helene.

Flooding Rainfall: Multiple rounds of showers/rainbands in
association with Helene will begin to impact the area Thursday
morning (starting with our Georgia counties, then overspreading the
South Carolina counties in the afternoon). Showers and a isolated
rumble of thunder will then persist through Thursday night into
early Friday morning, before much drier air overtakes the area
Friday and coverage dramatically diminishes. Rainfall totals are
mainly in the 1.5 to 3 inch range, but with locally higher amounts.
There is even a non-zero chance of 5 inches or more in a few spots.
The risk currently does not support the issuance of a Flood Watch,
with the dry soils in many places per NASA Sport guidance. That
said, area rivers and creeks will rise in response to the rainfall,
with some flooding possible, even after the rains come to an end.

Storm Surge: The latest forecast has storm surge values in the 1 to
3 foot range. As such, coastal flood products might be required at a
later time. Additional information can be found in the Tides/Coastal
Flooding section below.

Temperatures: Low confidence on how warm we get Thursday, but to
blend with the surrounding offices and to lean toward the previous
forecast, we have temperatures below normal, generally about 80-83F
degrees. Thursday night will be warm, and we could be close to
record high minimums for KCHS and KSAV.

Friday: Helene will be Tropical Storm, eventually transitioning to a
Post Tropical Cyclone as it moves from northwest Georgia early,
across Tennessee and into Kentucky late, with dry air locally
wrapping around the southern flank of the storm. This is due to a
cutoff low in the vicinity of the borders of Tennessee, Alabama, and
Mississippi. As this occurs, the main barotropic low will absorb
Helene, and that system  will rapidly become baroclinic. The
absorption of Helene will feature a potent dry conveyor belt on the
southern flank of the storm, with a weak front or trough expected to
pass through Friday morning. That feature will be more of moisture
boundary, as PWATs fall from 2.0"+ (in association with Helene) to
around 1-1.25" during the afternoon. Tropical Headlines will likely
start to come down, but even so, deep mixing and the broad
circulation around Helene will cause a breezy to perhaps windy day.
We might need to consider non-tropical wind headlines as a result,
such as a Wind Advisory for Lake Moultrie. With some sunshine
potentially returning, we should be able to warm into the mid and
upper 80s, although the previous rains could hold temperatures a bit
lower.

Saturday: A mid and upper low with absorb the remnants of Helene
across Kentucky as it meanders through the day. While there is an
increase in moisture within a deep southwest flow out of the Gulf of
Mexico, forcing is lacking, so we do anticipate a rainfree day and
much less wind for any recovery efforts that are necessary.
Sufficient insolation and a full day of drier conditions will yield
max temperatures in the mid and upper 80s.

&&

.LONG TERM /FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
A mid and upper low initially over the Ohio Valley will eventually
open into a wave as it reaches the Mid-Atlantic coast Tuesday. A
broad trough then takes hold over much of the eastern U.S. on
Wednesday. Since the bulk of the energy stays away from the forecast
counties much of that time, this suggests little to no chance of
convection through the period. Temperatures look to average close to
climo.

&&

.AVIATION /06Z THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
VFR conditions will prevail at CHS/JZI terminals through daybreak,
although brief showers could temporarily reduce cigs/vsbys to MVFR
at times. Expect bands of showers and potential a few thunderstorms
to spread north across Southeast Georgia tonight, temporarily
producing MVFR conditions at SAV between 06Z-08Z, then prevailing
MVFR conditions through the remainder of the TAF period (06Z
Friday). Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms are then
expected to spread across the entire area Thursday morning into the
afternoon, producing prevailing MVFR conditions by 15Z at CHS/JZI
that also persist through the remainder of the TAF period (06Z
Friday). There is some potential for IFR conditions to develop at
all terminals after 00Z Thursday, but currently low-end MVFR
conditions are forecast. In addition to moderate to possible heavy
showers, wind speeds will noticeably increase Thursday afternoon and
especially late Thursday afternoon through Thursday evening as
Helene gains latitude and passes inland. By 02-04Z Friday, southeast
winds gusting up to 35-40 kt should prevail at all terminals,
beginning at the SAV terminal first.

Extended Aviation Outlook:
Late Thursday night: Flight restrictions, potentially down to
IFR, will occur at all terminals due to impacts from Hurricane
Helene. Pilots and aviation interests can anticipate restrictions
in both ceilings and visibilities due to low cloud decks and
moderate or heavy rains at times. In addition, strengthening SE
winds will eventually turn more S, as speeds increase to at
least 30-40 kt with higher gusts. Depending upon the exact
strength of the surface winds, there is a risk for low level
wind shear. There is also a potential for a tornado at any or
all of the terminals.

Friday: Much drier air will overtake the area as Helene pulls
further away as she crosses the Appalachians. VFR weather will
gradually return, and although winds will be less than during
Thursday night, they will still be strong and gusty as they veer
more SW.

Saturday through Monday: VFR will prevail. Little to no chance of
any convection.

&&

.MARINE...
Tonight: Conditions across the marine waters will begin to
deteriorate through the overnight period as Hurricane Helene
approaches the southeastern Gulf Coast. High pressure across the
local waters will continue to retreat across the western Atlantic
as Hurricane Helene in the Gulf of Mexico works its way northward.
The pressure gradient will become pinched through the overnight
as the region will be placed between the approaching hurricane
and the high pressure further offshore. Southeast wind gusts
will approach 20 to 25 knots with seas building to 5 to 6 ft
across the marine zones.

Thursday through Friday: Dangerous marine conditions will occur as
Helene strengthens across the eastern Gulf of Mexico during the day,
then moves onshore of the Florida Panhandle and into southwest
Georgia at night. Since this is such as large storm, and the coastal
waters is on the stronger eastern side, Tropical Storm Warnings have
been issued for all marine waters. Winds as high as 45 or 50 knots
will start impacting the Georgia waters Thursday evening, then
spreading into the South Carolina waters Thursday night. Winds will
then drop below Tropical Storm Force (34+ kt) during the late
morning or afternoon on Friday. Even after that, Small Craft
Advisories will be likely. Seas will build as high as 10-15 feet
within 20 nm from shore, and up to 17 feet on the outer Georgia
waters. Seas will only slowly subside on Friday.

Mariners are also alerted to the risk for waterspouts later Thursday
and Thursday night. Some of these will be Tornadic Waterspouts,
moving much quicker and producing much stronger winds than most
waterspouts in our area.

Saturday through Monday night: Much, much better marine conditions,
with the only period of a possible headline would be for a Small
Craft Advisory early Saturday due to lingering 6 foot seas on the
Georgia waters beyond 20 nm from shore.

Rip Currents and High Surf: Conditions at the beach will be
dangerous Thursday through Friday, as winds and seas build in
response to Hurricane Helene that moves through the northeast Gulf
of Mexico and into the interior of the Southeast. A High Risk of Rip
Currents will be in effect for all beaches both days, and breakers
will reach at least 5 feet in height starting Thursday afternoon and
persisting through at least Thursday afternoon or evening. Areas of
significant beach erosion are also likely during this time.

&&

.TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...
Strengthening onshore winds will lead to a continuation of the
elevated tides Thursday, and minor coastal flooding is likely along
the Charleston and Colleton County coasts with the afternoon high
tide. The threat for coastal flooding is then expected for the
entire coast through Thursday night and early Friday due to impacts
from Hurricane Helene. Storm surge inundation of 1 to 3 ft is
possible along the coast of southeast Georgia and Southern South
Carolina. Keep in mind that if the higher surge and/or heavy rains
occur near or during the time of the high tides, the coastal
flooding could be worse.

&&

.CHS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...Tropical Storm Warning for GAZ087-088-099>101-114>119-137>141.
     High Risk for Rip Currents from 8 AM EDT this morning through this
     evening for GAZ117-119-139-141.
     High Surf Advisory from 2 PM this afternoon to 5 PM EDT Friday
     for GAZ117-119-139-141.
SC...Tropical Storm Warning for SCZ040-042>045-047>052.
     High Risk for Rip Currents from 8 AM EDT this morning through this
     evening for SCZ048>051.
     High Surf Advisory from 5 PM this afternoon to 8 PM EDT Friday
     for SCZ048>051.
MARINE...Tropical Storm Warning for AMZ330-350-352-354-374.
&&

$$

NEAR TERM...DPB
SHORT TERM...
LONG TERM...
AVIATION...DPB
MARINE...DPB