Coastal Waters Forecast
Issued by NWS Tampa Bay Area, FL
Issued by NWS Tampa Bay Area, FL
152 FZUS52 KTBW 250018 CWFTBW Coastal Waters Forecast for Florida National Weather Service Tampa Bay Ruskin FL 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 Gulf coastal waters from Bonita Beach to the mouth of the Suwannee River out to 60 NM. Important notice to mariners...marine forecasts are issued at least four times a day. Boaters on extended trips should routinely monitor subsequent forecast issuances and updates for the latest marine weather information. The wave heights are forecast as significant wave height which is the average of the highest one-third of the waves. The highest waves may rarely be twice the significant wave height. The winds and seas near thunderstorms may be higher than forecast. GMZ800-251330- Synopsis for the coastal waters from Bonita Beach to Suwannee River- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 .SYNOPSIS... Tropical Storm Helene in the northwest Caribbean Sea is forecast to continue to strengthen as it lifts into the southern Gulf of Mexico. An increasing pressure gradient ahead of this system is leading to building winds and seas tonight and Wednesday, as well as increasing rain chances. Wednesday night and Thursday the marine conditions will become extremely dangerous as Helene is forecast to strengthen to a major hurricane and move northeast through the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Conditions will slowly improve Friday and Friday night as Helene pulls away, although rain chances will stay elevated through the weekend. $$ GMZ830-251330- Tampa Bay waters- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 ...TROPICAL STORM WARNING IN EFFECT... ...HURRICANE WATCH IN EFFECT... .OVERNIGHT...East winds 15 to 20 knots. Bay and inland waters choppy. .WEDNESDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. East winds 15 to 20 knots, becoming southeast 20 to 25 knots in the afternoon. Bay and inland waters rough. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms early in the afternoon. Numerous showers with isolated thunderstorms late. .WEDNESDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions possible. East winds 20 to 25 knots, increasing to 25 to 30 knots after midnight. Waves 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters very rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY...Tropical storm conditions expected with hurricane conditions possible. Southeast winds 25 to 35 knots with gusts up to 50 knots, increasing to 35 to 45 knots with gusts up to 60 knots in the afternoon. Waves 2 to 4 feet, building to 4 to 6 feet in the afternoon. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions possible. South winds 35 to 45 knots with gusts up to 55 knots, becoming southwest 25 to 35 knots after midnight. Waves 3 to 5 feet. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Isolated thunderstorms. Widespread showers until early morning, then scattered showers late. .FRIDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southwest winds 25 to 30 knots, diminishing to 15 to 20 knots in the afternoon. Waves 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters very rough. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .FRIDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 10 to 15 knots with gusts up to 20 knots, diminishing to 5 to 10 knots after midnight. Bay and inland waters a moderate chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SUNDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. Winds and waves higher in and near thunderstorms. $$ GMZ836-251330- Charlotte Harbor and Pine Island Sound- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 ...TROPICAL STORM WARNING IN EFFECT... .OVERNIGHT...East winds 15 to 20 knots. Bay and inland waters choppy. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms early this evening, then isolated showers and thunderstorms late this evening. .WEDNESDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. East winds 15 to 20 knots, becoming southeast 20 to 25 knots in the afternoon. Bay and inland waters rough. Isolated thunderstorms. .WEDNESDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southeast winds 25 to 30 knots with gusts up to 40 knots. Waves 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters very rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY...Tropical storm conditions expected. Southeast winds 30 to 40 knots with gusts up to 55 knots. Waves 2 to 4 feet. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions possible. South winds 30 to 40 knots, diminishing to 25 to 30 knots after midnight. Waves 2 to 4 feet. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Isolated thunderstorms. Widespread showers. .FRIDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southwest winds 25 to 30 knots, diminishing to 15 to 20 knots in the afternoon. Waves 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters very rough. Numerous showers with isolated thunderstorms. .FRIDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 10 to 15 knots. Bay and inland waters a moderate chop. Isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Bay and inland waters light chop. Numerous showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Bay and inland waters light chop. Isolated thunderstorms. Numerous showers early in the evening, then scattered showers in the late evening and overnight. .SUNDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. Winds and waves higher in and near thunderstorms. $$ GMZ856-251330- Coastal waters from Bonita Beach to Englewood FL out 20 NM- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 ...TROPICAL STORM WARNING IN EFFECT... .OVERNIGHT...East winds 15 to 20 knots. Seas 2 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet. Wave Detail: Southeast 4 feet at 5 seconds. Bay and inland waters choppy. Isolated thunderstorms. Scattered showers early this evening, then isolated showers. .WEDNESDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. East winds 20 to 25 knots, becoming southeast 25 to 30 knots in the afternoon. Seas 4 to 6 feet, occasionally to 8 feet. Wave Detail: Southeast 6 feet at 6 seconds. Bay and inland waters very rough. Isolated thunderstorms. Scattered showers until late afternoon, then numerous showers late. .WEDNESDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions expected. Southeast winds 25 to 35 knots with gusts up to 45 knots. Seas 5 to 7 feet, occasionally to 9 feet, building to 7 to 10 feet, occasionally to 13 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: South 9 feet at 8 seconds. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY...Tropical storm conditions expected. Southeast winds 35 to 45 knots with gusts up to 60 knots. Seas 9 to 13 feet, occasionally to 17 feet, building to 13 to 18 feet, occasionally to 23 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: South 18 feet at 13 seconds and south 2 feet at 5 seconds. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions possible. South winds 30 to 40 knots with gusts up to 50 knots, becoming southwest 25 to 35 knots after midnight. Seas 13 to 18 feet, occasionally to 23 feet, subsiding to 10 to 14 feet, occasionally to 18 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: Southwest 18 feet at 13 seconds and southwest 3 feet at 5 seconds. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Isolated thunderstorms. Widespread showers. .FRIDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southwest winds 25 to 30 knots, diminishing to 15 to 20 knots in the afternoon. Seas 9 to 12 feet, occasionally to 15 feet, subsiding to 5 to 7 feet, occasionally to 9 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: Southwest 12 feet at 9 seconds and west 2 feet at 7 seconds. Bay and inland waters very rough. Numerous showers with isolated thunderstorms. .FRIDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 15 to 20 knots, diminishing to 10 to 15 knots after midnight. Seas 3 to 5 feet, occasionally to 6 feet. Bay and inland waters choppy. Numerous showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY...Southwest winds 10 to 15 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters a moderate chop. Isolated thunderstorms. Numerous showers until late afternoon, then scattered showers late. .SATURDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SUNDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 2 feet. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. Winds and seas higher in and near thunderstorms. $$ GMZ876-251330- Waters from Bonita Beach to Englewood FL out 20 to 60 NM- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 ...TROPICAL STORM WARNING IN EFFECT... ...HURRICANE WATCH IN EFFECT... .OVERNIGHT...East winds 15 to 20 knots with gusts up to 25 knots. Seas 2 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet, building to 4 to 5 feet, occasionally to 6 feet. Wave Detail: Southeast 5 feet at 6 seconds. Isolated thunderstorms. .WEDNESDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southeast winds 20 to 25 knots, increasing to 25 to 30 knots in the afternoon. Seas 5 to 6 feet, occasionally to 8 feet, building to 6 to 9 feet, occasionally to 11 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: Southeast 8 feet at 7 seconds. Isolated thunderstorms. .WEDNESDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions expected with hurricane conditions possible. Southeast winds 25 to 30 knots, increasing to 30 to 35 knots after midnight. Seas 8 to 11 feet, occasionally to 14 feet, building to 10 to 14 feet, occasionally to 18 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: South 13 feet at 9 seconds and southeast 9 feet at 7 seconds. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY...Tropical storm conditions expected with hurricane conditions possible. South winds 40 to 50 knots with gusts up to 65 knots. Seas 14 to 19 feet, occasionally to 24 feet, building to 19 to 24 feet, occasionally to 31 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: South 24 feet at 12 seconds and southeast 1 foot at 4 seconds. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southwest winds 30 to 40 knots. Seas 16 to 21 feet, occasionally to 27 feet, subsiding to 12 to 14 feet, occasionally to 18 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: Southwest 21 feet at 12 seconds. Isolated thunderstorms. Widespread showers. .FRIDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southwest winds 25 to 30 knots, diminishing to 15 to 20 knots in the afternoon. Seas 9 to 12 feet, occasionally to 15 feet, subsiding to 5 to 7 feet, occasionally to 9 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: Southwest 12 feet at 9 seconds and west 7 feet at 8 seconds. Numerous showers with isolated thunderstorms. .FRIDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 10 to 15 knots. Seas 3 to 5 feet, occasionally to 6 feet. Numerous showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY...Southwest winds around 10 knots. Seas 3 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet. Isolated thunderstorms. Numerous showers until late afternoon, then scattered showers late. .SATURDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Isolated thunderstorms. Scattered showers until early morning, then numerous showers late. .SUNDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 2 feet. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. Winds and seas higher in and near thunderstorms. $$ GMZ853-251330- Coastal waters from Englewood to Tarpon Springs FL out 20 NM- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 ...TROPICAL STORM WARNING IN EFFECT... ...HURRICANE WATCH IN EFFECT... .OVERNIGHT...East winds 15 to 20 knots. Seas 2 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet. Wave Detail: East 3 feet at 3 seconds. Bay and inland waters choppy. Isolated showers and thunderstorms early this evening. .WEDNESDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. East winds 15 to 20 knots, becoming southeast 20 to 25 knots in the afternoon. Seas 3 to 5 feet, occasionally to 6 feet. Wave Detail: Southeast 5 feet at 5 seconds. Bay and inland waters rough. Isolated thunderstorms. .WEDNESDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions expected with hurricane conditions possible. East winds 25 to 30 knots with gusts up to 40 knots. Seas 4 to 6 feet, occasionally to 8 feet, building to 5 to 8 feet, occasionally to 10 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: Southeast 8 feet at 7 seconds. Bay and inland waters very rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY...Tropical storm conditions expected with hurricane conditions possible. Southeast winds 30 to 40 knots with gusts up to 50 knots, increasing to 40 to 50 knots with gusts up to 65 knots in the afternoon. Seas 8 to 11 feet, occasionally to 14 feet, building to 13 to 18 feet, occasionally to 23 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: South 18 feet at 13 seconds and southeast 4 feet at 5 seconds. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY NIGHT...Hurricane conditions possible. South winds 40 to 50 knots with gusts up to 65 knots, becoming southwest 25 to 35 knots after midnight. Seas 14 to 19 feet, occasionally to 24 feet, subsiding to 12 to 16 feet, occasionally to 20 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: Southwest 19 feet at 15 seconds and southwest 6 feet at 6 seconds. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Isolated thunderstorms. Widespread showers. .FRIDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southwest winds 25 to 30 knots, diminishing to 15 to 20 knots in the afternoon. Seas 9 to 13 feet, occasionally to 17 feet, subsiding to 5 to 8 feet, occasionally to 10 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: Southwest 13 feet at 10 seconds and west 3 feet at 7 seconds. Bay and inland waters very rough. Isolated thunderstorms. Numerous showers early in the morning, then scattered showers in the late morning and afternoon. .FRIDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 15 to 20 knots, diminishing to 10 to 15 knots after midnight. Seas 4 to 6 feet, occasionally to 8 feet, subsiding to 3 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet after midnight. Bay and inland waters choppy. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SUNDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 2 feet. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. Winds and seas higher in and near thunderstorms. $$ GMZ873-251330- Waters from Englewood to Tarpon Springs FL out 20 to 60 NM- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 ...HURRICANE WARNING IN EFFECT... .OVERNIGHT...East winds 15 to 20 knots with gusts up to 25 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet, building to 3 to 5 feet, occasionally to 6 feet. Wave Detail: Southeast 5 feet at 5 seconds. Isolated thunderstorms. Isolated showers early this evening, then scattered showers. .WEDNESDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible with hurricane conditions also possible. Southeast winds 20 to 25 knots with gusts up to 30 knots. Seas 4 to 5 feet, occasionally to 6 feet, building to 5 to 7 feet, occasionally to 9 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: Southeast 7 feet at 6 seconds. Isolated thunderstorms. Scattered showers until late afternoon, then numerous showers late. .WEDNESDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions expected with hurricane conditions possible. Southeast winds 25 to 35 knots with gusts up to 45 knots. Seas 7 to 10 feet, occasionally to 13 feet, building to 9 to 12 feet, occasionally to 15 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: Southeast 11 feet at 8 seconds. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY...Hurricane conditions expected. Southeast winds 35 to 45 knots with gusts up to 55 knots, increasing to 45 to 65 knots with gusts up to 80 knots in the afternoon. Seas 12 to 16 feet, occasionally to 20 feet, building to 19 to 24 feet, occasionally to 31 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: South 24 feet at 13 seconds and southeast 3 feet at 6 seconds. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY NIGHT...Hurricane conditions possible. Southwest winds 50 to 60 knots with gusts up to 75 knots, diminishing to 30 to 35 knots after midnight. Seas 21 to 26 feet, occasionally to 33 feet, subsiding to 14 to 19 feet, occasionally to 24 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: Southwest 26 feet at 13 seconds and south 2 feet at 6 seconds. Isolated thunderstorms. Widespread showers until early morning, then scattered showers late. .FRIDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. Southwest winds 25 to 30 knots, diminishing to 15 to 20 knots in the afternoon. Seas 9 to 13 feet, occasionally to 17 feet, subsiding to 6 to 9 feet, occasionally to 11 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: Southwest 13 feet at 9 seconds and west 5 feet at 8 seconds. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .FRIDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 10 to 15 knots. Seas 4 to 6 feet, occasionally to 8 feet, subsiding to 3 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet after midnight. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 3 feet. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SUNDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 2 feet. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. Winds and seas higher in and near thunderstorms. $$ GMZ850-251330- Coastal waters from Tarpon Springs to Suwannee River FL out 20 NM- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 ...HURRICANE WARNING IN EFFECT... .OVERNIGHT...East winds 15 to 20 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Wave Detail: East 2 feet at 3 seconds. Bay and inland waters choppy. .WEDNESDAY...Southeast winds 15 to 20 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Wave Detail: Southeast 2 feet at 3 seconds. Bay and inland waters choppy. Isolated showers and thunderstorms early in the afternoon. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms late. .WEDNESDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions possible with hurricane conditions also possible. East winds 20 to 25 knots with gusts up to 30 knots, increasing to 25 to 30 knots with gusts up to 40 knots after midnight. Seas 3 to 5 feet, occasionally to 6 feet. Wave Detail: East 4 feet at 4 seconds and south 2 feet at 9 seconds. Bay and inland waters very rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY...Hurricane conditions expected. East winds 25 to 35 knots with gusts up to 45 knots, becoming southeast 40 to 50 knots with gusts up to 65 knots in the afternoon. Seas 4 to 6 feet, occasionally to 8 feet, building to 6 to 9 feet, occasionally to 11 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: Southeast 8 feet at 5 seconds and southwest 3 feet at 11 seconds. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY NIGHT...Hurricane conditions possible. South winds 50 to 60 knots with gusts up to 75 knots, becoming southwest 35 to 45 knots with gusts up to 55 knots after midnight. Seas 7 to 10 feet, occasionally to 13 feet. Wave Detail: Southwest 9 feet at 12 seconds and south 8 feet at 6 seconds. Bay and inland waters extremely rough. Isolated thunderstorms. Widespread showers until early morning, then scattered showers late. .FRIDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. .FRIDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 10 to 15 knots. Seas 2 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet. Bay and inland waters a moderate chop. Isolated thunderstorms. Isolated showers in the evening, then scattered showers after midnight. .SATURDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. .SATURDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 2 feet. Bay and inland waters light chop. Isolated thunderstorms. .SUNDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 2 feet. Bay and inland waters light chop. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. Winds and seas higher in and near thunderstorms. $$ GMZ870-251330- Waters from Tarpon Springs to Suwannee River FL out 20 to 60 NM- 818 PM EDT Tue Sep 24 2024 ...HURRICANE WARNING IN EFFECT... .OVERNIGHT...East winds 15 to 20 knots. Seas 2 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet. Wave Detail: Southeast 4 feet at 4 seconds. Isolated showers and thunderstorms late this evening and overnight. .WEDNESDAY...Southeast winds 15 to 20 knots with gusts up to 25 knots. Seas 3 to 5 feet, occasionally to 6 feet. Wave Detail: Southeast 4 feet at 5 seconds. Isolated showers in the morning. Isolated thunderstorms. Numerous showers in the afternoon. .WEDNESDAY NIGHT...Tropical storm conditions possible with hurricane conditions also possible. East winds 20 to 25 knots, increasing to 25 to 30 knots after midnight. Gusts up to 35 knots in the evening. Seas 4 to 6 feet, occasionally to 8 feet, building to 6 to 9 feet, occasionally to 11 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: Southeast 8 feet at 7 seconds. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY...Hurricane conditions expected. Southeast winds 30 to 35 knots with gusts up to 45 knots, increasing to 50 to 60 knots with gusts up to 80 knots in the afternoon. Seas 8 to 11 feet, occasionally to 14 feet, building to 11 to 15 feet, occasionally to 19 feet in the afternoon. Wave Detail: South 15 feet at 9 seconds and southeast 10 feet at 7 seconds. Widespread showers with isolated thunderstorms. .THURSDAY NIGHT...Hurricane conditions possible. South winds 55 to 75 knots with gusts up to 95 knots, becoming southwest 30 to 40 knots with gusts up to 50 knots after midnight. Seas 19 to 24 feet, occasionally to 31 feet, subsiding to 17 to 22 feet, occasionally to 28 feet after midnight. Wave Detail: South 24 feet at 14 seconds and south 9 feet at 7 seconds. Isolated thunderstorms. Widespread showers until early morning, then scattered showers late. .FRIDAY...Tropical storm conditions possible. .FRIDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 10 to 15 knots. Seas 4 to 6 feet, occasionally to 8 feet. Isolated thunderstorms. Isolated showers in the evening, then scattered showers after midnight. .SATURDAY...West winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas 2 to 4 feet, occasionally to 5 feet. Isolated thunderstorms. Scattered showers until late afternoon, then isolated showers late. .SATURDAY NIGHT...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 2 feet. Isolated thunderstorms. Isolated showers in the evening, then scattered showers after midnight. .SUNDAY...Southwest winds 5 to 10 knots. Seas around 2 feet. Scattered showers with isolated thunderstorms. Winds and seas higher in and near thunderstorms. $$