-- Discussion containing changed information from previous version are highlighted. --
923
FXUS63 KABR 180545 AAB
AFDABR

Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
1245 AM CDT Tue Jun 18 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Strong to severe thunderstorms are possible tonight into early
  Tuesday morning over the entire forecast area. Low confidence with
  regards to timing/coverage, however the environment is favorable for
  large hail (1.5 - 2.0"), wind gust (60-70mph) and heavy rain.

- A break from the active pattern is anticipated by Tuesday night
  through Wednesday and perhaps even a portion of Thursday, however it
  quickly turns more active again by the end of the week into the
  first half of the weekend with a good chance for showers and storms.

&&

.UPDATE...
-- Changed Discussion --
Issued at 1231 AM CDT Tue Jun 18 2024

Updated discussion for the 06Z TAFs below.

UPDATE Issued at 917 PM CDT Mon Jun 17 2024

The 00Z KABR sounding had a PWAT of 1.46inches (above the 90th
percentile for this day in June). So, heavy rain (mainly excessive
rainfall rate) remains a big concern for the rest of tonight.
There is also an elevated instability layer above 700hpa and
plenty of "cloud- bearing shear" to support elevated supercellular
convection. The last time a nocturnal environment with some CAPE
and lots of shear was around, Watertown ended up with 1-1.50inch
hail. There is a stationary boundary up over North Dakota. There
is still a surface warm front down across northern Nebraska,
trying to work northward; really steep mid-level lapse rates are
beginning to come online across the CWA. The 00Z suite of CAMS are
starting to infer the formation of a short-lived squall line
(with embedded supercells?) over the western Dakotas during the
next hour or two, which they then shift northeast into North
Dakota through the early morning hours on Tuesday. There could be
a convective watch issued within the next couple of hours.

UPDATE Issued at 635 PM CDT Mon Jun 17 2024

See below for an aviation forecast discussion for the 00Z TAFs.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.SHORT TERM /THIS EVENING THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/...
Issued at 302 PM CDT Mon Jun 17 2024

Some weak convection across the area nearing the Aberdeen area,
otherwise its dry this afternoon with just some low/mid cloud and an
east wind keeping us relatively cool for mid June. As we get into
the evening, a wave approaching from the west will help organize an
inverted trough over the area with a surface low in Nebraska. That
surface low lifts northeast over into the James valley by morning
before zipping into North Dakota. A strong low level jet also
develops, with 1/2km winds at 50-55kts, on the eastern side of the
inverted trough. Mid level flow is also quite strong, resulting in
about 50kts of shear. MUCAPE responds to the low level warm advection
generated instability which is very evident in NAM/RAP BUFKIT
soundings and results in between 3000-4000 j/kg MUCAPE.
Unfortunately CAMS are a little less coordinated in identifying the
location for convection, with each showing a rather random coverage
through the course of the event. As such, have low confidence on
timing, but the high shear and CAPE, along with weakly stable
boundary layer conditions, support the risks for large hail
(golfball or larger) and damaging winds (60-70mph). Rainfall
intensity will be aided by the very high PWATS already brought up in
the last couple of AFDs.

High pressure follows behind the low, with potential for some
shallow instability in the cold advection regime, though NAM
shows a cap at about 700mb with about 5kft thickness for
convection, so very little chance it will generate any additional
moisture. Additional storms will form on the tail end of the front
as it moves through western Minnesota. CAMS and deterministic
guidance have this outside the CWA for the most part, with any
storms forming in the CWA moving rapidly east/northeast.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
Issued at 302 PM CDT Mon Jun 17 2024

This period begins Wednesday with sfc high pressure building in
across the Dakotas. This should effectively push the active weather
south and east of our forecast area, although there are a few
outlier models that want to hang onto some slight chances for
showers in our far south and east. Wouldn`t be surprised if this is
removed from our zones as that forecast time draws closer. Dew point
temperatures will fall into the 40s to low 50s with daytime highs in
the 70s and light to modest northwest to northeast winds, Wednesday
looks to prove to be the nicest, most quiet day of the week in the
forecast.

An active pattern looks to return quickly going through the latter
portion of the week. Upper flow will essentially remain unchanged
with southwest flow aloft locally thanks to a persistent upper
trough across the northwest CONUS and an upper ridge planted across
the eastern CONUS and Deep South. Embedded shortwave energy will
once again be generated within this flow across the Rockies and
traverse northeastward into the Northern Plains Thursday through
Saturday. A sfc frontal boundary draped from west to east across the
central CONUS is progged to lift back to the north across NE and
into southern SD/southern MN by the end of the day on Thursday into
Friday. Lee-side low cyclogenesis is progged to models by this time
across CO/WY. Much like the same pattern and set up that`s taken
place the last day or so and that`s forecasted to take place tonight
into Tuesday is anticipated to repeat once again late this week. All
this means is that our forecast area will see increasing chances for
showers and thunderstorms. NBM PoPs of 20-50 percent begin to re-
enter our southern zones on Thursday. This could be a bit pre-
mature, but we`ll have to keep an eye on trends the next couple
days. A much better chances for active showers and storms roll into
the region late Thursday through the day Friday into Friday night as
a more pronounced embedded upper wave moves through the region in
conjunction with the aforementioned sfc low sliding northeast through
the area from the southwest. This active weather looks to clear our
area by late in the period as the upper trough axis shifts across
the Northern Plains and returns our upper flow pattern to a more
quasi-zonal or northwesterly flow.

&&

.AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z TUESDAY/...
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Issued at 1231 AM CDT Tue Jun 18 2024

Terminals KABR,KATY,KPIR,KMBG

A north to south line of strong to severe storms is affecting
KMBG/KPIR and will here for the next several hours, as storms
continue to develop alone the line. This line is pushing east and
will affect KABR in the next few hours. Main threat is large hail
and 60 to 70 mph wind gusts. The question remains if the storms
will still stay strong to severe as they pass over the James River
Valley (over KATY) and eastward later on this morning. A 60kt jet
is causing for low level wind shear 2kft and below. Strong low
level winds will continue to track east over northeastern SD
through southeastern SD through the morning, then weakening.

Cigs will jump around from MVFR/IFR at KMBG/KPIR through 15Z, then
to VFR for the rest of the TAF period. So expect several
amendments. KATY/KABR will range from VFR/MVFR but expect a drop
to possibly IFR as storms pass over.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.ABR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
SD...None.
MN...None.
&&

$$

UPDATE...MMM
SHORT TERM...Connelly
LONG TERM...Vipond
AVIATION...MMM