Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO
Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO
798
UXUS97 KBOU 041206
SRGBOU
Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Denver/Boulder, Colorado
0506 MST Tuesday, November 4, 2025
This forecast is for Tuesday, November 4, 2025:
If the trigger temperature of 71.5 F/22.0 C is reached...then
Thermal Soaring Index....................... Good
Maximum rate of lift........................ 587 ft/min (3.0 m/s)
Maximum height of thermals.................. 12761 ft MSL (7437 ft AGL)
Forecast maximum temperature................... 78.0 F/26.0 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1100 MST
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 9847 ft MSL (4523 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Wednesday 11/05.... Fair
Wave Soaring Index............................. Poor
Wave Soaring Index trend (to 1700 MST)......... No change
Height of stable layer (12-18K ft MSL)......... None
Weak PVA/NVA (through 1700 MST)................ Neither
Potential height of wave....................... 35631 ft MSL (30307 ft AGL)
Wave soaring outlook for Wednesday 11/05....... Fair
Remarks...
Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:32:13 / 16:53:48 MST
Total possible sunshine........... 10 hr 21 min 34 sec (621 min 34 sec)
Altitude of sun at 11:43:00 MST... 34.47 degrees
Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 11/04/2025 at 0500 MST
Freezing level.................. 14231 ft MSL (8907 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 21262 ft MSL (15938 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 19353 ft MSL (14029 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... +3.8
K index......................... -13.6
Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -65.5 -85.9 265 39 20 2.3 1.3 M M M M M
45000 -61.9 -79.4 255 46 24 3.0 1.6 M M M M M
40000 -57.5 -71.5 245 62 32 3.1 1.7 M M M M M
38000 -53.9 -65.0 250 66 34 6.2 3.4 M M M M M
36000 -49.7 -57.5 255 70 36 6.2 3.4 M M M M M
34000 -45.5 -49.9 260 70 36 7.5 4.1 M M M M M
32000 -40.9 -41.6 260 67 35 7.5 4.1 M M M M M
30000 -36.4 -33.5 265 63 32 7.7 4.2 39.3 102.8 10.4 M M
29000 -34.1 -29.4 265 60 31 7.7 4.2 38.5 101.3 9.9 M M
28000 -31.8 -25.2 265 57 29 7.7 4.2 37.8 100.0 9.5 M M
27000 -29.5 -21.1 270 54 28 7.3 4.0 36.9 98.3 8.9 M M
26000 -27.3 -17.1 270 50 26 7.3 4.0 35.9 96.6 8.2 M M
25000 -25.1 -13.2 270 47 24 7.3 4.0 35.0 95.1 7.6 M M
24000 -23.0 -9.4 265 44 23 6.8 3.7 34.1 93.3 6.9 M M
23000 -21.0 -5.8 265 42 22 6.8 3.7 32.9 91.3 6.1 M M
22000 -18.9 -2.0 265 39 20 6.8 3.7 31.9 89.5 5.3 M M
21000 -16.6 2.1 265 37 19 8.4 4.6 31.2 88.1 4.7 M M
20000 -14.1 6.6 265 35 18 8.4 4.6 30.7 87.2 4.3 M M
19500 -12.9 8.8 265 34 17 8.4 4.6 30.5 86.9 4.2 M M
19000 -11.6 11.1 260 33 17 8.5 4.6 30.3 86.5 4.0 M M
18500 -9.7 14.5 260 30 16 8.6 4.7 30.0 86.0 3.8 M M
18000 -8.4 16.9 260 29 15 8.4 4.6 29.8 85.6 3.6 M M
17500 -7.2 19.0 260 27 14 7.8 4.3 29.5 85.0 3.4 M M
17000 -6.0 21.2 260 25 13 7.8 4.3 29.1 84.4 3.1 M M
16500 -4.9 23.2 265 24 12 7.7 4.2 28.8 83.8 2.8 M M
16000 -3.7 25.3 265 22 11 7.7 4.2 28.4 83.2 2.5 M M
15500 -2.6 27.3 265 21 11 7.4 4.0 28.1 82.6 2.2 M M
15000 -1.5 29.3 265 20 10 7.2 3.9 27.6 81.8 1.8 M M
14500 -0.5 31.1 265 19 10 7.2 3.9 27.2 81.0 1.4 M M
14000 0.6 33.1 270 19 10 7.2 3.9 26.8 80.2 1.0 M M
13500 1.7 35.1 270 18 9 7.2 3.9 26.4 79.5 0.6 M M
13000 2.7 36.9 275 18 9 6.9 3.8 25.9 78.7 0.2 M M
12500 3.7 38.7 275 18 9 6.9 3.8 25.5 77.8 -0.3 560 2.8
12000 4.8 40.6 280 18 9 7.5 4.1 25.0 77.1 -0.7 513 2.6
11500 5.9 42.6 280 19 10 7.5 4.1 24.7 76.4 -1.0 465 2.4
11000 6.9 44.4 285 21 11 6.5 3.6 24.2 75.6 -1.5 419 2.1
10500 7.9 46.2 285 22 11 7.5 4.1 23.7 74.7 -2.0 376 1.9
10250 8.4 47.1 285 22 11 3.0 1.6 23.5 74.3 -2.2 354 1.8
10000 8.5 47.3 285 23 12 3.5 1.9 22.8 73.0 -2.9 344 1.7
9750 9.0 48.2 285 24 12 8.3 4.6 22.6 72.7 -3.1 320 1.6
9500 9.5 49.1 285 24 13 7.5 4.1 22.4 72.4 -3.3 297 1.5
9250 10.0 50.0 285 25 13 4.8 2.6 22.2 72.0 -3.5 274 1.4
9000 10.3 50.5 285 27 14 3.8 2.1 21.7 71.1 -4.0 260 1.3
8750 10.7 51.3 285 26 14 6.1 3.4 21.4 70.5 -4.4 241 1.2
8500 11.1 52.0 285 26 13 5.5 3.0 21.1 69.9 -4.7 221 1.1
8250 11.4 52.5 285 25 13 4.1 2.2 20.7 69.2 -5.1 203 1.0
8000 11.7 53.1 285 25 13 3.7 2.1 20.2 68.4 -5.6 188 1.0
7750 12.0 53.6 285 23 12 5.8 3.2 19.8 67.7 -6.0 171 0.9
7500 12.5 54.5 285 19 10 5.8 3.2 19.5 67.2 -6.3 150 0.8
7250 12.8 55.0 285 16 8 4.7 2.6 19.2 66.5 -6.7 132 0.7
7000 13.2 55.8 285 14 7 4.4 2.4 18.8 65.8 -7.1 114 0.6
6750 13.6 56.5 280 12 6 7.5 4.1 18.4 65.2 -7.4 95 0.5
6500 14.1 57.4 270 8 4 3.4 1.9 18.3 64.9 -7.7 72 0.4
6250 14.0 57.2 255 6 3 -4.0 -2.2 17.4 63.3 -8.6 68 0.3
6000 13.8 56.8 235 6 3 3.3 1.8 16.5 61.8 -9.4 64 0.3
5750 13.7 56.7 215 5 3 -18.1 -9.9 15.7 60.2 -10.3 61 0.3
5500 10.0 50.0 195 6 3 -83.8 -46.0 11.2 52.2 -14.8 165 0.8
* * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *
11/04/2025 at 0800 MST | 11/04/2025 at 1100 MST
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +6.0 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +6.5
CINH... -0.0 K Index... -15.0 | CINH... -0.0 K Index... -10.0
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -64.4 -83.9 265 43 22 1.8 1.0 | -64.3 -83.7 265 46 24 2.0 1.1
45000 -61.4 -78.5 260 62 32 3.1 1.7 | -61.0 -77.8 265 67 35 3.1 1.7
40000 -56.7 -70.1 250 64 33 3.0 1.7 | -56.3 -69.3 260 60 31 3.1 1.7
38000 -54.4 -65.9 250 65 34 4.0 2.2 | -54.3 -65.7 260 58 30 3.3 1.8
36000 -51.7 -61.1 250 68 35 4.0 2.2 | -52.1 -61.8 255 57 29 3.2 1.8
34000 -47.7 -53.9 255 64 33 8.0 4.4 | -48.3 -54.9 255 54 28 8.4 4.6
32000 -42.9 -45.2 260 57 29 8.0 4.4 | -43.2 -45.8 255 51 26 8.4 4.6
30000 -37.9 -36.2 260 52 27 8.4 4.6 | -38.1 -36.6 255 48 25 8.7 4.8
29000 -35.4 -31.7 265 49 25 8.4 4.6 | -35.5 -31.9 255 47 24 8.7 4.8
28000 -32.9 -27.2 265 47 24 8.4 4.6 | -32.9 -27.2 255 45 23 8.7 4.8
27000 -30.4 -22.7 265 46 23 8.4 4.6 | -30.3 -22.5 260 44 23 8.2 4.5
26000 -27.9 -18.2 265 45 23 8.4 4.6 | -27.9 -18.2 260 43 22 8.2 4.5
25000 -25.3 -13.5 265 43 22 8.4 4.6 | -25.4 -13.7 260 43 22 8.2 4.5
24000 -22.9 -9.2 265 42 22 7.9 4.4 | -23.0 -9.4 260 41 21 8.0 4.4
23000 -20.5 -4.9 270 41 21 7.9 4.4 | -20.6 -5.1 260 39 20 8.0 4.4
22000 -18.1 -0.6 270 39 20 7.9 4.4 | -18.2 -0.8 265 38 19 8.0 4.4
21000 -15.7 3.7 270 37 19 7.8 4.3 | -15.9 3.4 265 35 18 7.5 4.1
20000 -13.4 7.9 270 35 18 7.8 4.3 | -13.6 7.5 265 33 17 7.5 4.1
19500 -11.7 10.9 270 34 17 7.8 4.3 | -12.5 9.5 270 31 16 7.5 4.1
19000 -10.5 13.1 275 33 17 7.7 4.2 | -10.8 12.6 270 29 15 7.1 3.9
18500 -9.3 15.3 275 31 16 7.7 4.2 | -9.8 14.4 270 28 15 7.1 3.9
18000 -8.2 17.2 275 30 16 7.7 4.2 | -8.7 16.3 275 27 14 7.0 3.9
17500 -7.0 19.4 275 29 15 7.5 4.1 | -7.7 18.1 275 26 13 6.9 3.8
17000 -5.9 21.4 275 28 14 7.5 4.1 | -6.6 20.1 275 24 13 6.9 3.8
16500 -4.8 23.4 275 26 13 7.2 4.0 | -5.6 21.9 275 23 12 7.0 3.8
16000 -3.7 25.3 275 25 13 7.2 4.0 | -4.6 23.7 275 22 11 7.0 3.8
15500 -2.7 27.1 275 24 12 7.0 3.8 | -3.5 25.7 275 21 11 6.6 3.6
15000 -1.6 29.1 275 22 12 6.9 3.8 | -2.6 27.3 275 20 10 6.5 3.5
14500 -0.6 30.9 275 21 11 6.9 3.8 | -1.6 29.1 275 19 10 6.6 3.6
14000 0.4 32.7 275 21 11 7.0 3.8 | -0.6 30.9 275 19 10 7.0 3.8
13500 1.5 34.7 280 20 10 6.9 3.8 | 0.4 32.7 275 18 9 7.0 3.8
13000 2.4 36.3 280 20 10 6.1 3.4 | 1.5 34.7 280 18 9 6.9 3.8
12500 3.3 37.9 285 20 10 6.2 3.4 | 2.5 36.5 280 18 9 6.9 3.8
12000 4.2 39.6 285 19 10 6.4 3.5 | 3.5 38.3 280 18 9 6.5 3.6
11500 5.2 41.4 285 19 10 6.5 3.5 | 4.4 39.9 280 18 9 6.5 3.6
11000 6.1 43.0 290 19 10 5.9 3.3 | 5.4 41.7 280 18 9 7.0 3.8
10500 7.0 44.6 290 19 10 6.3 3.4 | 6.5 43.7 280 18 9 7.0 3.9
10250 7.4 45.3 290 19 10 3.3 1.8 | 6.9 44.4 280 18 9 3.5 1.9
10000 7.6 45.7 290 21 11 4.7 2.6 | 7.1 44.8 280 19 10 5.4 2.9
9750 8.1 46.6 290 20 10 8.3 4.5 | 7.7 45.9 275 18 9 9.5 5.2
9500 8.7 47.7 290 19 10 7.4 4.0 | 8.4 47.1 275 17 9 8.4 4.6
9250 9.2 48.6 290 19 10 5.7 3.1 | 8.9 48.0 275 17 9 5.7 3.1
9000 9.5 49.1 290 22 11 5.1 2.8 | 9.3 48.7 275 17 9 5.6 3.1
8750 10.0 50.0 290 21 11 6.5 3.6 | 9.8 49.6 270 16 8 8.0 4.4
8500 10.4 50.7 290 19 10 5.9 3.2 | 10.3 50.5 270 15 8 7.4 4.1
8250 10.8 51.4 290 18 9 4.4 2.4 | 10.9 51.6 265 14 7 7.4 4.1
8000 11.1 52.0 290 19 10 4.3 2.4 | 11.4 52.5 265 13 7 7.3 4.0
7750 11.5 52.7 285 18 9 6.4 3.5 | 12.0 53.6 265 12 6 7.3 4.0
7500 12.0 53.6 285 14 7 6.2 3.4 | 12.5 54.5 265 11 5 6.5 3.6
7250 12.3 54.1 285 13 7 4.9 2.7 | 12.9 55.2 260 9 5 5.5 3.0
7000 12.7 54.9 285 12 6 5.0 2.8 | 13.3 55.9 255 8 4 5.8 3.2
6750 13.1 55.6 280 10 5 7.0 3.8 | 13.9 57.0 250 7 4 9.3 5.1
6500 13.6 56.5 265 7 3 3.5 1.9 | 14.6 58.3 245 6 3 9.1 5.0
6250 13.6 56.5 250 6 3 -2.1 -1.1 | 15.2 59.4 240 6 3 6.7 3.7
6000 13.6 56.5 240 6 3 3.6 2.0 | 15.7 60.3 235 6 3 6.8 3.7
5750 13.6 56.5 225 7 4 -11.9 -6.5 | 16.3 61.3 230 5 3 11.6 6.4
5500 11.0 51.8 205 7 3 -57.4 -31.5 | 17.5 63.5 225 5 3 21.1 11.6
11/04/2025 at 1400 MST | 11/04/2025 at 1700 MST
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +5.8 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +5.4
CINH... 0.0 K Index... -5.1 | CINH... -0.0 K Index... -5.6
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -64.7 -84.5 265 51 26 2.1 1.1 | -64.7 -84.5 275 56 29 2.7 1.5
45000 -61.3 -78.3 265 69 36 3.6 2.0 | -60.5 -76.9 270 65 34 3.5 1.9
40000 -55.9 -68.6 265 66 34 3.6 2.0 | -55.3 -67.5 270 59 30 3.5 1.9
38000 -53.8 -64.8 265 57 29 3.5 1.9 | -53.2 -63.8 275 50 26 3.5 1.9
36000 -51.7 -61.1 265 46 24 3.5 1.9 | -50.8 -59.4 280 39 20 3.5 1.9
34000 -47.6 -53.7 265 40 21 8.0 4.4 | -47.4 -53.3 285 34 17 7.2 3.9
32000 -42.9 -45.2 260 39 20 7.9 4.4 | -43.1 -45.6 280 32 17 7.2 3.9
30000 -37.9 -36.2 260 38 20 8.4 4.6 | -38.3 -36.9 280 31 16 8.3 4.6
29000 -35.4 -31.7 260 38 19 8.4 4.6 | -35.8 -32.4 275 31 16 8.4 4.6
28000 -32.9 -27.2 260 37 19 8.4 4.6 | -33.3 -27.9 270 31 16 8.4 4.6
27000 -30.5 -22.9 260 37 19 7.9 4.3 | -30.9 -23.6 270 32 16 8.1 4.4
26000 -28.2 -18.8 265 37 19 7.9 4.3 | -28.5 -19.3 275 33 17 8.1 4.4
25000 -25.8 -14.4 265 37 19 7.9 4.3 | -26.0 -14.8 275 35 18 8.1 4.4
24000 -23.5 -10.3 270 36 19 7.9 4.3 | -23.6 -10.5 275 36 19 7.9 4.3
23000 -21.1 -6.0 270 36 18 7.9 4.3 | -21.3 -6.3 275 36 19 7.9 4.3
22000 -18.7 -1.7 275 35 18 7.9 4.3 | -18.9 -2.0 280 37 19 7.9 4.3
21000 -16.4 2.5 275 34 18 7.6 4.2 | -16.6 2.1 280 36 19 7.7 4.2
20000 -14.1 6.6 275 33 17 7.6 4.2 | -14.2 6.4 280 35 18 7.7 4.2
19500 -12.9 8.8 270 32 17 7.6 4.2 | -12.5 9.5 280 34 18 7.8 4.3
19000 -11.8 10.8 270 32 16 7.5 4.1 | -11.4 11.5 280 34 17 7.1 3.9
18500 -10.1 13.8 270 30 16 7.3 4.0 | -10.3 13.5 280 33 17 7.1 3.9
18000 -9.0 15.8 270 30 15 7.3 4.0 | -9.3 15.3 280 31 16 7.1 3.9
17500 -8.0 17.6 270 29 15 7.2 3.9 | -8.2 17.2 280 30 16 7.0 3.9
17000 -6.9 19.6 270 28 14 7.2 3.9 | -7.2 19.0 280 29 15 7.1 3.9
16500 -5.8 21.6 270 27 14 6.9 3.8 | -6.1 21.0 280 28 14 6.8 3.7
16000 -4.8 23.4 270 26 13 6.9 3.8 | -5.1 22.8 280 26 14 6.8 3.7
15500 -3.8 25.2 270 25 13 6.7 3.7 | -4.1 24.6 280 25 13 6.8 3.7
15000 -2.8 27.0 270 24 12 6.7 3.7 | -3.1 26.4 275 23 12 6.9 3.8
14500 -1.8 28.8 270 23 12 6.7 3.7 | -2.0 28.4 275 21 11 6.9 3.8
14000 -0.8 30.6 270 22 11 6.6 3.6 | -1.0 30.2 275 20 10 6.9 3.8
13500 0.2 32.4 270 21 11 6.7 3.7 | 0.0 32.0 270 18 9 7.0 3.9
13000 1.2 34.2 270 21 11 6.9 3.8 | 1.1 34.0 270 17 9 7.9 4.3
12500 2.2 36.0 270 20 10 6.9 3.8 | 2.3 36.1 270 17 9 7.9 4.3
12000 3.2 37.8 270 20 10 7.3 4.0 | 3.5 38.3 270 17 9 8.0 4.4
11500 4.3 39.7 275 20 10 7.3 4.0 | 4.6 40.3 275 19 10 8.0 4.4
11000 5.3 41.5 270 19 10 7.4 4.1 | 5.8 42.4 275 19 10 7.5 4.1
10500 6.4 43.5 270 18 9 6.8 3.8 | 6.9 44.4 270 19 10 6.8 3.7
10250 6.8 44.2 265 17 9 3.6 2.0 | 7.3 45.1 270 19 10 4.5 2.5
10000 7.1 44.8 265 16 8 7.6 4.2 | 7.7 45.9 270 19 10 8.2 4.5
9750 7.9 46.2 265 15 8 12.0 6.6 | 8.5 47.3 270 18 9 11.5 6.3
9500 8.8 47.8 265 14 7 10.7 5.9 | 9.3 48.7 270 17 9 10.4 5.7
9250 9.5 49.1 265 13 7 7.3 4.0 | 10.0 50.0 270 17 9 7.8 4.3
9000 9.9 49.8 265 11 6 8.0 4.4 | 10.5 50.9 275 16 8 8.3 4.6
8750 10.7 51.3 260 11 6 11.4 6.3 | 11.3 52.3 275 15 8 10.8 5.9
8500 11.5 52.7 260 10 5 9.8 5.4 | 12.0 53.6 275 14 7 9.7 5.3
8250 12.2 54.0 260 9 5 7.9 4.3 | 12.7 54.9 275 14 7 8.8 4.8
8000 12.8 55.0 255 7 4 7.8 4.3 | 13.4 56.1 275 13 7 8.6 4.7
7750 13.4 56.1 255 7 4 9.8 5.4 | 14.0 57.2 280 13 7 9.3 5.1
7500 14.2 57.6 255 7 3 8.9 4.9 | 14.7 58.5 280 12 6 8.7 4.8
7250 14.7 58.5 255 6 3 7.3 4.0 | 15.3 59.5 280 11 6 7.8 4.3
7000 15.3 59.5 255 5 3 7.7 4.2 | 15.9 60.6 280 11 6 8.1 4.4
6750 16.0 60.8 255 5 3 11.0 6.0 | 16.6 61.9 285 11 5 9.7 5.3
6500 16.9 62.4 255 5 3 11.3 6.2 | 17.3 63.1 280 9 5 9.0 5.0
6250 17.6 63.7 255 5 2 9.5 5.2 | 17.9 64.2 285 8 4 6.8 3.7
6000 18.3 64.9 250 4 2 9.6 5.3 | 18.4 65.1 285 7 4 9.3 5.1
5750 19.1 66.4 250 4 2 11.2 6.2 | 19.0 66.2 285 6 3 1.1 0.6
5500 20.1 68.2 255 4 2 15.7 8.6 | 18.3 64.9 285 4 2 -19.5 -10.7
________________________________________________________________________________
This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC). It is not
continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance.
The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken near the old Stapleton
Airport site in Denver, Colorado at
North Latitude: 39 deg 46 min 5.016 sec
West Longitude: 104 deg 52 min 9.984 sec
Elevation: 5285 feet (1611 meters)
and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the
Colorado Rocky Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.
The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger
values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or
greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
convective activity develop.
CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative
this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This
inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)
Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
produced by surface heating only.
Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a
"trigger temperature" for that level.
Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.
Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and
existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
waves.
K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger
positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding
soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
and is reproduced in the following table:
below -10 no or weak thermals
-10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
5 to 15 good soaring conditions
15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers
20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
probability of showers and thunderstorms
above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms
Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
inversions.
Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.
Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with
positive values showing stable conditions.
Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is
computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
are applied to these calculations.
Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.
Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It
is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments
are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment.
Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that
between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind speed no longer increases with height
PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.
Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
and the time of overdevelopment.
Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values
are indicative of thermal lift.
Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:
Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating
>= 800 fpm Excellent
>= 400 and < 800 fpm Good
>= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair
< 200 fpm Poor
Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
3. initiation of widespread precipitation
Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
reach the trigger temperature.
Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.
Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to
these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
movements.
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