942
FXUS61 KBOX 230756
AFDBOX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
356 AM EDT Sun Jun 23 2024

.SYNOPSIS...
Very warm and humid Sunday with another round of diurnal showers and
thunderstorms, with the focus across western and central MA/CT
Sunday afternoon and early evening. Some storms may become severe,
with strong to damaging winds along with a low probability of
tornadoes. A few diurnally driven showers will remain possible
Monday with but lowering humidity. Dry and very warm weather is on
tap for Tuesday but with lower humidity. Hot and humid weather
returns later Wednesday. Another round of showers and thunderstorms
is possible late Wednesday, perhaps lingering into Thursday.
Otherwise...drier weather with lower humidity returns by Friday.

&&

.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 PM THIS EVENING/...

355 AM update...

Key Points...

* Potential high-end severe weather event western-central MA
* Primary threat is strong to damaging winds and tornadoes
* Hot and humid conditions continue with heat indicies 95-100

This morning...

Lead short wave early this morning providing clusters of
showers and thunderstorms across the region. This is in
response to increasing WAA ahead of s/wv and accompanying
low/mid level jet on the nose of the mid level warm front.
Convection is elevated as rides up and over the shallow
cool/stable airmass over the region. Thus, no threat of severe
weather this morning, just frequent lightning and heavy
downpours. The cool, moist northeast flow combined with any
heavy downpours will promote areas of fog, locally dense at
times. Cool/damp morning with temps and dew pts in the 65-70
range.

This afternoon...

Once lead short wave over northern New England this morning exits
into ME, the backdoor front over SNE early this morning, lifts
northward as warm front and gives way to an impressive warm sector.
For example, this afternoon, 925 mb temps rise to around +24C to
+26C along with dew pts climbing into the low and mid 70s, a classic
mid summer airmass over SNE, yielding very robust instability with
SB Capes of 1500-2500 j/kg across western-central MA/CT. Less
instability southeast into the I95 corridor given duration of low
clouds this morning and SW flow off the cool ocean this afternoon.

Trailing short wave currently across the Great Lakes this morning,
enters NY state this afternoon and then across SNE this evening.
This provides synoptic scale lift/height falls for ascent and is
enhanced by the RRQ of an 80 kt upper level jet streak over SNE late
in the day. Moreover, both of these features contribute to 35-40 kt
of deep layer shear, highest across northern portions of CT and MA.
In fact, even low level wind fields are robust for late June, with
up to 40 kt at 850 mb and 925 mb. Thus, spring jet dynamics acting
on a mid summer airmass will potentially yield a high end severe
weather event this afternoon/early evening across western-central
MA, possibly into northwest CT, including Hartford county.

Given strength of wind field throughout the column, combined with
high instability and steep low level lapse rates, greatest risk is
for strong to damaging winds, with highest probabilities across
western CT, including Hartford county into western and central MA.
In addition, anomalous wind fields thru the column combined with
model soundings showing large curved hodographs and high STP values
of 1.5-3, yielding an elevated risk for tornadoes. CSU machine
learning probs, updraft helocity swaths from the HREF and NCAR wind
probs all support the potential for a high end severe weather event
18z-00z across western-central MA, possibly into northwest CT.
Convection is expected to arrive in RI and eastern MA in a weaken
state, as greatest shear and instability remain northwest of I-95
corridor. Secondary concerns are large hail and brief heavy
downpours.

As mentioned above, impressive warm sector will yield highs this
afternoon in the upper 80s to lower 90s and combined with dew pts in
the low to mid 70s, heat indices will soar into the 95-100 deg
range. Thus, we will continue the heat advisory for CT and southwest
MA.

Becoming breezy to windy at times this afternoon, as strong low
level SW jet streams across southeast MA. Surface winds of 15-25 mph
with gusts up to 35 mph at times expected. This will help to provide
some relief from the hot and humid conditions.

As for sunshine, low clouds and fog will erode and give way to at
least partial sunshine away from the south coast. Despite the high
sun angle of late June, low clouds and fog may only lift into a deck
of SCU clouds along the south coast given the increasing low level
SW jet.

&&

.SHORT TERM /6 PM THIS EVENING THROUGH 6 PM MONDAY/...

355 AM update...

Sunday night

The threat for severe thunderstorms will quickly wane after 8pm-10pm
with only lingering showers and thunderstorms thereafter. A drying
trend overnight, however without a change in airmass, another warm
and humid night, yielding low clouds and fog. Lows only in the upper
60s and lower 70s.

Monday...

Deep layer moisture exits offshore. However, potent northern stream
closed low over NYS and VT, with cyclonic flow across New England.
This will yield lots of diurnal clouds and possibly a few diurnal
scattered showers, but by no means a washout. Remaining warm and
humid with highs in the low to mid 80s and dew pts in the 60s.
Although, a WSW breeze of 15-20 mph will provide some relief from
the warm conditions.

&&

.LONG TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY/...

Key Points...

* Dry & very warm Tue with tolerable humidity
* Increasing risk of showers/t-storms Wed afternoon/night may linger
  into Thu
* Dry and seasonable conditions Fri with low humidity

Monday night into Tuesday...

Mid level trough axis and cold front moves to the east Mon evening
with dry NW flow ushering in lower dewpoints. This will set the
stage for a very nice Tue as shortwave ridging builds in behind the
departing trough. Abundant sunshine and rather warm as 925 mb temps
20-22C will support highs mid-upper 80s. However, a relative minimum
in PWAT values will result in more comfortable humidity with
dewpoints dropping into the 50s, with low 60s close to the coast.

Wednesday into Thursday...

Next robust northern stream trough and shortwave will be crossing
the Gt Lakes Wed before moving to the north on Thu. Increasing SW
flow Wed ahead of the trough will bring warming mid level temps and
higher humidity with temps reaching well into the 80s and some lower
90s in the interior. With increasing instability, expect scattered
showers/t-storms developing Wed afternoon and continuing into Wed
night with favorable height falls ahead of the trough. The cold
front is not expected until sometime early Thu so timing not ideal
to maximize diurnal instability for severe weather. But wind field
is increasing ahead of the shortwave and we have a potential remnant
EML on Wed so expect some severe weather risk Wed afternoon/evening.

Given later frontal passage, risk for showers and a few t-storms may
linger into Thu but timing is uncertain and further adjustments to
the forecast will likely be needed.

Friday and Saturday...

Post-frontal airmass on Fri with more seasonable temps and low
humidity, then warmer and somewhat more humid conditions return Sat
with increasing SW flow.

&&

.AVIATION /08Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
Forecast Confidence Levels:

Low - less than 30 percent.
Moderate - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.

06z update...

Thru this morning...high confidence on trends, lower on exact
timing and details.

Showers with embedded thunder moving across CT/RI and eventually
southeast MA early this morning. Brief heavy downpours and
reduced vsby the main issue. Otherwise, widespread IFR/LIFR in
low clouds and fog this morning. Light NE winds trending
southeast through the morning. Cigs and vsbys will be trending
upward to IFR/MVFR 14z-16z. Most improvement inland and slowest
improvement along the south coast.

This afternoon...high confidence on trends, lower on exact
timing and details.

Cigs and vsbys improving to VFR, except along the south coast,
including Cape Cod and the Islands, only to IFR/MVFR in low
clouds and areas of fog. Increasing low level southwest jet
increases to about 50 kt at 2 kft over Cape Cod and Islands by
00z. This will yield LLWS, less inland with better low level
mixing and surface winds SW 15-20G30 kt over RI and eastern MA.
A line of strong thunderstorms is likely 19z-01z northwest of
I-95. Strong winds, large hail and very heavy rain with reduced
vsby are the main concerns.

Sunday night...Moderate to high Confidence.

Lingering thunderstorms at 00z across eastern MA will be
weakening and moving offshore. However, cigs and vsbys lower to
IFR/LIFR in low clouds and fog. Southwest winds remain robust at
15-25 knots. LLWS lingers over southeast MA with low level jet
up to 50 kt at 2 kft at 00z, but slowly moving offshore by
morning.

Monday...high confidence.

IFR/LIFR in the morning lifts and improves to VFR all terminals.
Mist/drizzle possible early, but dry runways late morning into
the afternoon. Low risk of a few spot showers inland in the
afternoon.

KBOS TAF...high confidence in TAF trends. Strongest storms this
afternoon should remain west of the terminal, with weakening
storms impacting the terminal 22z-02z. Frequent lightning, gusty
winds and heavy rain are the main impacts.

KBDL TAF...high confidence in TAF trends. Strong thunderstorms
may impact the terminal 20z-00z. Strong winds, large hail and
heavy rain are the main concerns.

Outlook /Monday Night through Thursday/...

Monday Night: VFR. Breezy.

Tuesday through Tuesday Night: VFR.

Wednesday: VFR. Breezy. Chance SHRA, chance TSRA.

Wednesday Night: Mainly MVFR, with areas VFR possible. Breezy.
Chance SHRA, isolated TSRA.

Thursday: Mainly VFR, with local MVFR possible. Slight chance
SHRA.

&&

.MARINE...
Forecaster Confidence Levels:

Low - less than 30 percent.
Medium - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.

*** SCA remains in effect Sunday afternoon & night ***

Sunday...

SW winds increase 15 to 25 kt by this afternoon, with some gusts
possibly up to 30 kt at times. Low vsby in morning fog will improve
during the afternoon.

Sunday Night...

Scattered showers and thunderstorms in the early evening, dissipate
and move out to sea in the late evening. Low clouds and fog fill
back in. Winds remain gusty out of the SW at 15-25 knots. Sea
increase to 5-8 feet.

Monday...

Improving weather, especially vsby in the afternoon along with WSW
winds easing to 15-20 kt.

Outlook /Monday Night through Thursday/...

Monday Night: Winds less than 25 kt. Local rough seas.

Tuesday: Winds less than 25 kt. Areas of seas approaching 5 ft.

Tuesday Night: Winds less than 25 kt. Seas locally approaching
5 ft.

Wednesday: Low risk for Small Craft Advisory winds with gusts
up to 25 kt. Seas up to 5 ft. Slight chance of rain showers,
slight chance of thunderstorms.

Wednesday Night: Low risk for Small Craft Advisory winds with
gusts up to 25 kt. Seas up to 5 ft. Chance of rain showers,
isolated thunderstorms.

Thursday: Winds less than 25 kt. Areas of seas approaching
5 ft. Chance of rain showers.

&&

.BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...Heat Advisory until 7 PM EDT this evening for CTZ002>004.
MA...Heat Advisory until 7 PM EDT this evening for MAZ010-011.
RI...None.
MARINE...Small Craft Advisory from noon today to 8 PM EDT this evening
     for ANZ230-250-251.
     Small Craft Advisory from noon today to 8 AM EDT Monday for
     ANZ231.
     Small Craft Advisory from 8 AM this morning to 3 PM EDT Monday
     for ANZ232>235-237.
     Small Craft Advisory from 10 AM this morning to 9 AM EDT
     Monday for ANZ236.
     Small Craft Advisory from 8 AM this morning to 9 PM EDT Monday
     for ANZ254>256.

&&

$$

SYNOPSIS...KJC/Nocera
NEAR TERM...Nocera
SHORT TERM...Nocera
LONG TERM...KJC
AVIATION...KJC/Nocera
MARINE...KJC/Nocera