000
FXUS63 KGRB 151925
AFDGRB

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Green Bay WI
225 PM CDT Mon Apr 15 2024

Forecast discussion for routine afternoon forecast issuance

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Elevated fire weather conditions will persist into Tuesday,
  mainly across northern Wisconsin, due to low relative humidity
  and increasing easterly winds.

- Showers and a few embedded thunderstorms are expected from late
  Tuesday afternoon into Wednesday. Widespread severe weather is
  not expected, but strong winds aloft could mix to the surface
  with any storms or heavier showers. Heavy rainfall will be
  likely regionwide.

- Strong east to southeast winds are expected Tuesday into Tuesday
  night, with gusts of 30 to 45 mph. The strongest gusts are
  anticipated across central Wisconsin. A Gale Watch is in effect
  for Tuesday night.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 222 PM CDT Mon Apr 15 2024

Short Term...Tonight and Tuesday

Main forecast concerns will be on elevated fire weather
conditions mainly over northern WI, increasing east winds and
timing of rain on Tuesday.

The 19Z MSAS surface analysis indicated a ridge of high pressure
that stretched from the Manitoba/Ontario border south through the
western Great Lakes. An area of low pressure is situated over the
central High Plains with a warm front extended east into the mid-
MS Valley. Visible satellite imagery picked on a batch of mid-
clouds over the Upper MS Valley.

The high pressure will shift into northwest Ontario to the eastern
Great Lakes tonight. Meanwhile, the low pressure will continue to
strengthen over the central Plains. A push of WAA will lift 8H
temperatures into the +5 to +10C range by daybreak, however the
dry air mass still over the region would preclude any need for
pops. We should see middle and high clouds pass overhead at times
with min temperatures in the lower to middle 30s north, upper 30s
to lower 40s south.

This central Plains system is forecast to become vertically-
stacked on Tuesday and slowly move toward the Midwest in the
afternoon. The gulf will be wide open and with a south-southwest
low-level jet at 40 to 50 knots, it will not take long for this
gulf moisture to surge north toward WI. By late afternoon, PW
values nearly double to around 1 inch over central and east-
central WI. This moisture, coupled with the northward moving warm
front into northern IL by 00Z Wednesday and additional lift
provided by the left exit region of the upper jet, will bring a
chance of showers into at least central WI late Tuesday afternoon.
Instability is still rather weak, thus nothing more than a few
rumbles of thunder expected. The other story for Tuesday will be
the strong winds that develop in the morning between the incoming
low pressure and departed high pressure. Gusts by the afternoon
could reach 30-40 mph with a few locations pushing 45 mph,
especially over central WI. Max temperatures to range from the
middle 50s near Lake MI, upper 50s to lower 60s inland.

Long Term...Tuesday Night Through Monday

The main forecast concerns during the extended forecast will be
widespread shower activity, heavy rainfall, isolated to scattered
thunderstorms, and strong east to southeast winds with a low
pressure system Tuesday night into Wednesday.

Vertically stacked/deep low pressure will move from the Central
Plains to southeast MN Tuesday night. A developing 50-60 kt low-
level jet ahead of this system will bring a surge of moisture
(PWATs of 1-1.3 inches) into the forecast area Tuesday night, and
generate strong isentropic ascent over a tight baroclinic zone.
Widespread shower activity will overspread the CWA Tuesday
evening, then lift out of far NE WI during the overnight period.
Showers will continue through Wednesday as the occluding surface
low and strong upper level trough move through WI. Pockets of
heavy rainfall appear likely, with rainfall totals reaching 1 to 2
inches across much of the forecast area. Marginal elevated
instability will move into mainly the south and east parts of the
forecast area Tuesday night, and weak SBCAPE around 200 j/kg may
develop along the occluded front in C/EC WI Wednesday afternoon.
Though widespread severe weather is not expected, cannot rule out
some strong gusts mixing down with any storms or heavier showers
on Tuesday night, when winds of 45-60 knots in the 925-850 mb
layer will be present. Strong east to southeast winds will
continue to strengthen Tuesday evening, with gusts to 30 to 45 mph
(strongest in central WI and the Fox Valley), and potential for
Gale Force gusts on Lake Michigan. A Wind Advisory may be needed
for parts of central WI and the Fox Valley, and a Gale Watch will
be issued for Lake Michigan for Tuesday night.

The remnants of this low lift north into Ontario and eventually
phase with additional energy in central Canada to produce a weak,
slow moving low that tracks well to our north late in the work
week. Suspect most of the precipitation with this system will
remain to our north Thursday into Friday, and the arrival of a
large Canadian high pressure should bring additional dry weather
from Saturday through Monday.

Temperatures will start off above normal midweek, then trend
closer to normal late in the week.

&&

.AVIATION...for 18Z TAF Issuance
Issued at 1227 PM CDT Mon Apr 15 2024

VFR conditions to continue through at least Tuesday morning before
lower clouds and rain showers begin to overspread the region late
Tuesday afternoon into Tuesday evening. A bigger issue for Tuesday
will be the strong winds expected as a strong area of low pressure
moves into the Midwest. By Tuesday afternoon, east winds will be
sustained at 15 to 25 knots with gusts of 25 to 35 knots.

Have included LLWS for the RHI, AUW and CWA TAF sites for late
tonight and southeast winds off the deck could reach 30 to 35
knots.

&&

.GRB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.

&&

$$

DISCUSSION.....Kallas/Kieckbusch
AVIATION.......Kallas