


Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Duluth, MN
Issued by NWS Duluth, MN
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947 FXUS63 KDLH 021128 AFDDLH Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Duluth MN 628 AM CDT Wed Jul 2 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected across much of the Northland today into this evening. Storms may be strong to severe along and south of a Walker to Hibbing to Silver Bay to Ontonagon MI line. This includes central Minnesota, the I-35 corridor, and all of northwest Wisconsin. - Very warm and humid conditions are expected Friday. A Heat Advisory may be needed. - Strong to severe thunderstorms are possible Friday afternoon through Saturday. Storms may also produce heavy rainfall which could lead to flash flooding. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 316 AM CDT Wed Jul 2 2025 Today - This Evening: Showers with some embedded thunderstorms ongoing over northwest MN as of 230 AM CDT this morning are occurring in a region of low- level convergence and warm-air advection south of a surface cold front that is located in southern Manitoba and northwest Ontario and under very subtle 500 mb troughing aloft. As the front slowly sags south into the Northland today, these scattered showers and storms will continue to track southeast into northeast MN and northwest WI this morning into this evening. The storms should remain sub-severe into the morning hours. However, some redevelopment/reinvigoration in their intensity is expected this afternoon into mid to late evening as a pool of 1000-1700 J/kg of MLCAPE develops. Low-level shear will be weak, but deeper shear should be ample enough for some discrete to small clusters of storm organization with 0-6km bulk shear of 30-40 kt and 0-10km shear (essentially storm depth shear) of around 50 kt. The cap looks to break by mid-afternoon as the weak inhibition mixes out. There isn`t much in the way of mid/upper-level forcing for these storms, so coverage is expected to be on the more widely scattered basis this afternoon and evening. Initial storm threat appears to be hail up to 1" (the size of quarters), with increasing downdraft CAPE during the later afternoon into evening increasing the potential for a few damaging wind gusts to 60 mph, as well. Given the relatively limited coverage of storms, brief, localized rainfall amounts in excess of 0.5" could occur, but flooding is not expected and most locations should see 0.1-0.25" or less. The best potential for afternoon/evening strong to severe storms would be along and south of a Walker to Hibbing to Silver Bay to Ontonagon MI line. This includes central Minnesota, the I-35 corridor, and all of northwest Wisconsin. Storms should dissipate by late evening. Outside of storms, expect widespread upper 70s to mid 80s for high temperatures today and similar heat indices for areas away from Lake Superior. Thursday - Thursday Night: The cold front should stall out over southern portions of the Northland tonight/Thursday morning and then push back northward as a warm front on Thursday into Thursday night. Aloft, an upper-level ridge will be building over the Northern Plains and Upper Midwest for Thursday into Friday, which should bring an increase to both temperatures and moisture/PWATs both days, with PWAT values in the 1.5-2" range, on the higher end of climatology for this time of year. There appears to be some subtle mid-level shortwave trough energy that rounds the top of the ridge and moves through the Northland Thursday afternoon into night that could kick off some showers and storms along and north of the warm front (20-40% chance), though very weak shear in place should keep these from becoming severe. Temperatures and heat indices in the upper 70s to mid 80s are in store for Wednesday, and slightly cooler near Lake Superior and at the head of the Lake. Onshore winds at the head of the Lake around 10-15 mph with gusts to 20-25 mph could lead to rip currents. We will continue to watch this rip current threat closely, as a Beach Hazard Statement may be needed Thursday for Minnesota and Wisconsin Point beaches. Friday - This Weekend: A few concerns pop up for this timeframe: 1) Heat and humidity for Friday, 2) Strong to severe thunderstorm potential Friday into Saturday, and 3) Heavy rainfall and flooding potential Friday into Saturday. Independence Day (Friday) will be a hot and muggy affair underneath the apex of the upper-level ridge with surface dewpoints in the upper 60s to low 70s and high temperatures away from Lake Superior in the upper 80s to low 90s and mid-70s to mid 80s from the Twin Ports up the North Shore. This will lead to widespread heat indices in the low to upper 90s away from Lake Superior, with the potential for Heat Advisories for most of the Northland looking increasingly likely. In addition to the heat, a return of shower and thunderstorm potential is forecast for Friday into Friday night, as well. The Northland should be pretty well nestled into the warm sector of a low pressure system approaching from the Northern Plains/Canadian Prairies. A capping inversion should hold across much of the Northland with a relative lack of synoptic forcing for ascent much of the day, which should likely stave off precipitation until the evening. Farther to our west along and ahead of the cold front, storms should begin developing in a region of falling heights aloft and lower-level convergence over North Dakota, northwestern MN and northwestern Ontario in the late afternoon/evening where the capping inversion will be weaker. Then, during the evening (starting around 6-8PM CDT) storms will begin to work into northwestern portions of the Northland and gradually spread east through the remainder of the evening and overnight hours on a more widespread basis. Some of these storms should be strong to severe with 0-6km bulk shear values of 35-45 kt and 1500-2500 J/kg of MUCAPE to initially work with, though instability does drop off with time later in the evening and overnight. The primary hazard would be damaging wind gusts given plenty of downdraft CAPE, with large hail as a secondary threat. There is also a period of time until the late evening where storms could be surface based and have access to just enough low-level helicity for a non-zero tornado threat. However, with surface winds forecast to be out of the south- southwest, this tornado threat remains very low. A more pressing concern in addition to the severe potential would be a deep layer of southwest winds aloft being parallel to the surface warm and cold fronts. When combined with PWATs increasing to around 2" and the surface to freezing level depth being around 13,000 feet, the threat for training storms with efficient, heavy rainfall rates becomes a real concern and could even lead to localized flash flooding. Still have to refine some details as to where exactly this heavy rainfall threat would be highest Friday evening into Saturday depending on where the surface fronts set up, but right now the best potential for 2"+ of rainfall (40% chance) is for central and north-central MN. NBM probabilities for >1" for this same timeframe are 60-80% in north-central and northeast MN and 30-60% in northwest WI. As the cold front slowly sweeps east across the Northland on Saturday, more mild temperatures return with highs in the upper 70s to low/mid 80s. There is a shorter window of time Saturday afternoon and evening where a few strong to severe storms will be possible once again, primarily in northwest WI. However, this Saturday severe threat will depend on how morning showers/storms progress through the Northland. Looking cooler and drier for Sunday behind the cold front with highs in the 70s and more comfortable dewpoints in the 50s to low 60s. Early Next Week: We see a more zonal upper-level pattern set up for early next week, with occasional shortwave energy traversing the flow, keeping more transient shower/thunderstorm chances going (20-40% chance) on Monday and Tuesday. Temperatures should be more seasonal in the 70s for highs. A more robust shortwave/low pressure around the middle of next week could bring more showers and thunderstorms to the Upper Midwest, keeping this active weather pattern going. && .AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z THURSDAY/... Issued at 628 AM CDT Wed Jul 2 2025 Showers this morning in central and north-central Minnesota have weakened and become widely scattered, with thunderstorm chances remaining low (less than 20%). Therefore, expect VFR conditions to prevail as these showers persist through much of the morning and also push into parts of northwest Wisconsin. With that said, additional widely scattered showers and storms develop south of a cold front mid to late afternoon into evening, mainly south of a KGPZ to KTWM line in central and eastern Minnesota and for all of northwest Wisconsin. This includes KDLH/KBRD/KHYR. Exact locations of storms and coverage is still a little uncertain given weak forcing for these storms, but can`t rule out some gusty and erratic wind as well as small hail and brief MVFR conditions should a storm move over a terminal. Behind the cold front, smoke from Canadian wildfires moves through aloft, as well as possibly at KINL/KHIB towards the end of the period. Have included SCT high cloud mention for the smoke aloft and a 6SM FU for KINL where confidence is higher in seeing some surface smoke in the current TAF period. There is also a signal for some fog development tonight, particularly in NW WI. Included MVFR to IFR visibility in fog to HYR tonight for now, but this may need to be lowered in subsequent updates if the increasing fog forecast trend persists. && .MARINE /FOR NEAR SHORE WATERS OF WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR/... Issued at 316 AM CDT Wed Jul 2 2025 West to southwest winds of 5 to 15 knots are in store for today, veering northeasterly for Thursday with sustained winds increasing in the SW arm of Lake Superior to 10-15 mph with gusts to around 20 knots, then turning back southerly on Friday with gusts to around 20 knots at the head of the Lake near the Twin Ports. Several rounds of showers and storms are expected for today through Saturday. Storms this afternoon could produce small hail and wind gusts to 30 to 40 knots. Storms on Friday evening into Friday night and Saturday afternoon and evening could become strong to severe. For the open water discussion, refer to the NWS Marquette Area Forecast Discussion at weather.gov/mqt. && .DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...None. WI...None. MARINE...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Rothstein AVIATION...Rothstein MARINE...Rothstein